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1、成人高考专升本英语复习笔记:词汇(一)成人高考考试网 更新:2011-8-4 编辑:静子词汇部分掌握约3000个基础英语单词和相应的常用词组。词汇考试主要是考单词和词组搭配。构词法英语的构词方法有三:合成(composition),派生(derivation)和转换(conversion)。一、合成合成:合两个或两个以上的词而成为一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做合成。1. 复合名词的主要构成方式1)名词名词classroom教室,newspaper 报纸2)形容词名词blackboard黑板,highway 公路,3)动词名词break-water防波堤4)副词名词outbreak爆发,overc
2、oat 大衣5)代词名词he-goat公山羊,she-wolf 母狼6)动词副词break-down崩溃7)名词介词短语editor-in-chief 总编辑, father-in-law岳父2. 复合形容词的主要构成方式1)名词形容词snow-white 雪白的,world-wide全世界的2)形容词形容词bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的,blue-green 绿里发蓝的3)副词形容词ever-green 常绿的4)名词分词snow-covered 白雪盖着的,hand-made 手工制作的5)形容词分词good-looking 好看的6)副词分词well-meaning 好意的,wel
3、l-informed消息灵通的7)形容词名词second-hand旧的,用过的,第二手的8)形容词名词-edopen-minded 胸襟开阔的,white-haired白发的9)数词名词(ed)two-faced 两面派的,3. 复合动词的主要构成方式1)副词动词overcome克服,uphold支持,主张2)名词动词sun-bathe行日光浴二、派生在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀,变成一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做派生,词缀有前缀和后缀两种,加在单词前的词缀,叫前缀,加在单词后的词缀,叫后缀。1.前缀现将最常用的一些前缀(按字母顺序)举例如下:anti- 反对anti-Japanese war抗
4、日战争arch- 主要的arch-enemy 主要敌人auto- 自动的automobile 小汽车,autobiography自传bi- 双bicycle 自行车,bilingual 用两种语言的by- 在旁bystander 旁观者,by-product副产品co- 共同co-operation合作,co-existence 共处counter- 反counter-attack 反攻,de- 除去,否定decentralization分散,不集中dis- 否定discover发现,disorder混乱,杂乱en-, em- 使成为enable使能够,enslave奴役,encourage鼓
5、励ex-前ex-president前任主席、总统或大学校长extra- 外extraordinary非常的,格外的for-, fore- 先,前,预forward向前,foresee预见,forearm前臂for- 禁,弃forbid禁止,forget忘记in-, il-, im-, ir- 不,非informal 非正式的,incomplete不完全的, irregular不规则的inter- 间,相互interview会见mal- 恶maltreat 虐待micro- 微microscope显微镜mid- 中mid-night半夜, mid-autumn中秋的mis- 误misunders
6、tand 误会, misuse误用multi- 多multi-national 多民族的non- 非,不nonexistent不存在的post- 后于post-war 战后的,pre- 先于pre-war战前的pro- 赞成,亲善pro-American 亲美的re- 重,再,复review 复习sub- 下,次subdivide细分,再分super- 上,超super-structure 上层建筑tele- 远telephone 电话,telescope望远镜,television电视trans-横过,转移transformation改造,translate翻译un- 不unable不能的,
7、unimportant不重要的,untrue不真实的uni-一、单uniform 划一的2.名词后缀-age状态,集合marriage婚姻,shortage缺少,village村庄-an人American美国人,Italian意大利人,意大利语,African非洲人-ance,-ancy性质,状态importance重要性,significance意义-ant, -ent人assistant助手,助教, student学生-ation, -ition动作,状态determination决心,industrialization工业化,preparation准备-craft技巧,工艺handicr
8、aft手工艺-dom (状态,领界)freedom自由,kingdom王国-ee (被动)employee雇员-eer 人engineer工程师, volunteer志愿者-ence, -ency(抽象名词)dependence依靠,不独立,excellence卓越-er人,动作者fighter战士,worker工人,writer作家,harvester收割机-ese 人,语言成人高考专升本英语复习笔记:词汇(二)成人高考考试网 更新:2011-8-4 编辑:静子Chinese中国人,中文,Japanese日本人,日文-ess女性actress女演员,princess公主,hostess女主人
9、,女乘务员(飞机上)-ful 充满handful一把,armful一抱(这些词亦可作为复合词看)-hood身份,境遇,状态childhood童年,likelihood可能性-ian 人musician音乐家,technician技术员-ity (抽象名词)possibility可能性,capability能力-man 人Englishman英国人,postman邮递员(这些词亦可作为复合词看)-ment运动,结果movement运动,development发展-ness 状态,性质kindness和善,carefulness小心-or人,动作者actor男演员, editor 编辑,tract
10、or拖拉机-ry, -ery 行为,工作,性质,工作地点,货物种类,境遇等bravery勇敢,nursery托儿所,cookery烹调-ship 状态,身分friendship友谊,hardship苦难-tion 动作,状态attention注意,action行动,revolution革命-ty (抽象名词)cruelty残酷, loyalty忠实-ure结果,动作pleasure快乐,pressure压力3.形容词后缀able,-ible能够unforgettable难忘的,responsible负责的-al的cultural文化的,national国家的-an (地,人)的Russian
11、俄罗斯的,俄罗斯人的,American美国的,美国人的-ed 有,象talented有才华的-en 的golden金色的,wooden木制的-ern (表示方向的)northern北方的,eastern东方的,southern南方的,western西方的-ese(地,人)的Chinese中国的,中国人的,Japanese日本的,日本人的-ful 充满careful小心的,beautiful美丽的,powerful强有力的-ic, -ical的economic经济的,political政治的,grammatical语法的-ish 属于,稍微bookish书本气的,yellowish稍黄的,sel
12、fish自私的,childish幼稚的-ive性,倾向active 积极的, collective集体的-less无fearless无所畏惧的,careless不小心的,useless无用的,meaningless无意义的-like如childlike儿童般的(亦可作为复合词看)-ly 品质,的friendly友好的,weekly每星期的,manly丈夫气的,daily每天的-ous多nervous神经紧张的,dangerous危险的-some引起,适于,易于troublesome烦人的,tiresome(令人感到厌倦的)-ward 向backward落后的-y 充满,性质rainy雨的,sn
13、owy雪的,handy手巧的,便于使用的4.动词后缀-ateisolate使孤立,-endeepen加深,strengthen加强-fysimplify简化,classify分类-ize, -iseindustrialize工业化5. 副词后缀-lycarefully小心地,beautifully美丽地,quickly迅速地-ward, -wards向forward向前,backward向后,upwards向上,downwards向下-wise方式likewise同样地,otherwise否则,用另一种方式三、转换转换将一个单词由某一种词类转用为另一种词类,这就叫做转换。单词转换后的意义往往与
14、未转换前的意义有密切的联系。1.名词转化为动词elbow 由肘转义为用肘推挤back 由背,后面转义为支持,后退2.形容词转化为动词slow 由慢转义为放慢3.动词转化为名词to take a walk 散步to have a look看一看to have a try 试一试4.形容词转化为名词the wounded 受伤的人们, the beautiful美丽的东西,the blind盲人们5.其他词类转化为名词a must必须做的事情,ups and downs高低起伏,ins and outs问题的底细典型例题考试的重点是词汇之间的搭配,和近义词之间的区别。1. Driving a ca
15、r is not as difficult as you imagine, if you _ the rules.A. depend on B. turn to C. put up D. stick todepend on 依靠、依赖turn to 转向某人,turn to sb.向某人求助put up with 容忍、忍受stick to 遵守答案 D2. In my opinion, the changing job market will _ people many difficulties.A. find B. bring C. take D. getfind 找到bring 带来ta
16、ke 拿走get 得到答案 B3. Since the two restaurants _ almost the same food and service, it doesnt matter where you stop to eat.成人高考专升本英语复习笔记:词汇(三)成人高考考试网 更新:2011-8-4 编辑:静子A. offer B. cook C. prepare D. affordoffer 提供cook 烹饪prepare 准备afford 付钱答案 A4. When he applied for a _ in the office of the local newspape
17、r, he was told to see the manager.A. profession B. position C. career D. locationprofession职业position 职位career 职业location 方位She chose an academic career. 答案 B5. Margaret was so _ for news of her lost child that she was almost driven mad.A. careful B. responsible C. thirsty D. hostilecareful 仔细的respo
18、nsible 负责的thirsty 极度渴望的hostile 敌意的答案 C6. It is not polite to _ when someone is making a speech at a meeting like this.A. turn up B. cut in C. speak out D. stand byturn up 来到,露面cut in 打断speak out 大声说stand by 站到旁边答案 B7. The boss _ angry when I spoke to him on the phone.A. sounded B. looked C. grew D.
19、talkedsounded 听起来looked 看起来grew 变得talked 谈话答案 A8. All of her living cost _2,000 yuan each month.A. gets to B. equals to C. arrives at D. comes atget to 到达某地equal的用法:equal: adj. be equal to sth./doing sth. 对某事有力量,勇气,能力等, 能胜任eg. She feels equal to the task. 她认为能胜任该项工作。Hes equal to the occasion. 他能应付这一
20、局面。He doesnt seems equal to meeting out demanceequal: v. equal sb./ sth. (in sth.) 与某人(某事物)相同或相等eg. He is equaled by no one in kindness. 没有人比他更善良。)arrived at+地点状语 到达某处comes at 达到答案 D9. Her face is _ to me, but I cant remember where I saw her.A. similar B. friendly C. alike D. familiarsimilar 相似的frie
21、ndly 友好的alike 相像的familiar 熟悉的答案 D10. Jump in the car. Theres enough _ for you.A. place B. seat C. room D. spaceplace 地方seat 座位room 空间space 宇宙空间place 指具体地点答案 C11. It wasnt an accident. He did it on _.A. reason B. determination C. purpose D. intentionreason 原因determination 决心on purpose 故意intention 目的答
22、案 C12. Youll have to pay for the holiday in _, Im afraid.A. front B. advance C. ahead D. forwardfront 具体位置空间的前方in advance 提前ahead 在之前,不和in 连用forward 向前答案 B13. The bookstore hasnt ordered _ textbooks for all the students in the course.A. enough B. plenty C. as much as D. a great deal ofenough 修饰名词,在名
23、词之前成人高考专升本英语复习笔记:词汇(四)成人高考考试网 更新:2011-8-4 编辑:静子plenty+ofas much as 不能修饰名词a great deal of 修饰不可数名词。答案 A14. As I didnt have any experience, I was _ problems.A. likely to have B. probably havingC. probable to have D. likely havingbe likely to do 很可能有probably 不接doing接to doits brobable for sb. that答案 A15.
24、 David may _ , but we must go at once.A. stay late B. stay lately C. stay a little D. have stayed very latestay latestay lately lately 近来答案 A16. I dont think that your watch is _.A. worth of the price B. worth the priceC. worthy of the price D. worthy to buyworthy: adj. a. be worthy of sth.eg. Her a
25、chievements are worthy of the highest praise. 她的成就值得给予最高奖赏。b. be worthy to do sth.eg. She said she was not worthy to accept the honour they had offered her.worth: adj. a. be worth + n.eg. Our house is worth about $ 60,000.b. be worth doingeg. The book is worth reading. =Its worth reading the book.n.
26、 值某金额的量 The thieves stole $ 1 million worth of jewellery.D选项正确答案:worthy to be bought答案 B17. _, its very tidy.A. As her room is small B. Small as her room isC. As small her room is D. Small as her roomas引导让步状语从句,句子需要倒状。Young as he is, Jack is already familiar with most of the books答案 B18. As _ as pos
27、sible he opened the door and went out into the cold December night.A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quietlyquiet adj.安静的答案 Bquite adv.十分,很;quite big19. I felt thoroughly _ in the crowded Manhattan.A. wondered B. lost C. missed D. separatedwondered 怀疑lost 迷路missed 丢失separated 分开答案 B20. The city has de
28、cided to _ all the old buildings.A. break away from B. get rid ofC. come up with D. knock downbreak away from 1.挣脱 The prisoner broke away from his guards. 2. 脱离某政党、政府等 A province has broken away to form a new state.get rid of: 摆脱 The shop ordered 20 copies of the book and now it cant get rid of e u
29、p with sth.: 找到或提出(答案、办法等)She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.knock down: 拆除 These old houses are going to be knocked down.答案 D21. When the school master is away, Mr. Johnson will be _ the whole school.A. in charge of B. in favor of C. in honor of D. in regard toin charge of: 处于控制或支配的地位
30、, 负责Whos in charge here?这儿谁负责?He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.in favor of sb./sth.: 支持某人/某事Was he in favor of the death penalty?in honor of : 出于对某人的敬意a ceremony in honor of those killed in battle 为纪念阵亡将士举行的仪式in/with regard to sb./sth. 关于某人/某事 I have nothing to say with/
31、in regard to your complaints.成人高考专升本英语复习笔记:词汇(五)成人高考考试网 更新:2011-8-4 编辑:静子答案 A22. In his speech he _ his experience as a teaching assistant.A. returned to B. referred to C. stuck to D. turned toreturn sth.(to sb./sth.): 归还,放回She returned the bird to its cages. 她把鸟放回笼子里Please return me my 5 yuan/ retu
32、rn my five yuan to me.Refer to sb./sth.: 提到,说到或涉及到某人(某事物)When I said some people are stupid, I wasnt referring to you.Dont refer to this matter again, please. 请不要再提这件事。stick to sth.: 坚持或维持某事物Would you like some wine?No, Ill stick to beer, thanks. 不,我还是喝啤酒吧。turn to sb.(sth.): 向某人(某事物)寻求帮助She has nobo
33、dy she can turn to. 她求助无门。The more depressed he got, the more he turned to drink.答案 B23. He tried his best in the first game, but was _ by the little boy.A. won B. hit C. beaten D. heldA:win-won-won; 赢得B:hit 打C:beat 打,D: hold-held-held 举行答案 C24. I wanted to go home but my wife _ on going to the conc
34、ert.A. persisted B. resisted C. insisted D. intendedpersisted:persist: persist in doing sth. 坚持做某事He will persist in riding that dreadful bicycle.resist+n 抵抗intend: intend to do sth. 想要做答案 C25. The government gave several good _ for increasing the tax on cigarettes.A. purposes B. reasons C. question
35、s D. problemspurpose 目的reason 原因question 问题problem 问题答案 B26. Four people were seriously _ in the accident.A. injured B. damaged C. spoiled D. brokeninjure 受伤damage: 表示使被损坏的对象失去或降低其自身价值, 但不完全毁掉。He damaged my car with a stone.ruin: 常强调完全毁掉。 The storm has ruined the garden.spoil: 语气比ruin弱,不强调完全毁掉,表示使被害
36、方失去其完美性。He spoiled his painting by putting too much red paint on it.spoil:有时也包含最终会导致完全毁掉之义。He has spoiled his constitution with bad living.答案 A27. He spoke so quickly that I didnt _ what he said.A. listen B. catch C. miss D. receivelisten 听 listen tocatch 抓住,听到miss 丢失receive 收到28. He was poor but pr
37、oud, and _ every offer of help.A. turned down B. turned onC. turned off D. turned outturn down 拒绝turn on 打开。turn on the light 开灯turn off 关上。turn off the lightturn out 证明为答案 A29. In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _ spring.A. later B. latter C. last D. latelater 以后。latter 后者last 最后la
38、te 晚的答案 D30. How _ is it from here to the city center?A. long B. far C. distant D. nearhow long 一段延续的时间How long have you studied English?成人高考专升本英语复习笔记:词汇(六)成人高考考试网 更新:2011-8-4 编辑:静子I have studied English for 3 years (since 3 years ago)。答案 B31. I wanted to go there by plane but I hadnt enough money t
39、o pay for the _.A. journey B. distance C. road D. wayjourney 旅行distance 距离road 道路way 方式方法答案A32. Her parents wouldnt _ her to stay out later than 10:30 at night.A. require B. ask C. encourage D. permitstay out 不回家require 要求ask 要求encourage 鼓励permit 允许答案 D33. Last Sunday, _ my great surprise, I met Bul
40、len in town.A. for B. to C. as D. at(to ones surprise 使某人感到惊奇)答案 B34. Most Chinese like to drink tea. But some prefer coffee _ tea.A. to B. with C. for D. againstpreferto答案 A35. Im in no _ this evening to listen to his silly jokes.A. feeling B. attitude C. opinion D. moodfeeling 感情attitude 态度opinion
41、 观点mood 情绪答案 D36. Tennis is a _ invented by an Englishman a hundred years ago.A. play B. match C. game D. eventplay: n. 比赛,竞赛 The tennis players need total concentration during play.match 比赛game 运动event 事件答案 C37. Thats the biggest _ he has ever told in his life.A. talk B. speech C. lesson D. lietalk:give/have a talk 谈话speech:make/deliver a speech 做演讲lesson:teach a lesson: 教训learn ones lesson: 汲取教训lie:tell a lie答案 D38. _ that the jewels had been stolen by one of the guards.A. It turned up B. It turned out C. It turned on D. It turned o
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