Lesson 4.ppt
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1、Plant PropagationLesson 4Methods of plant propagation as related to horticultural plant productionPropagation The multiplication of a kind or species. Reproduction of a species. Two kinds: Sexual Propagation Asexual PropagationSexual Propagation Propagation from seeds. Pollen is transferred from the
2、 anther to the stigma. Fertilization occurs and seeds are produced.Color, Weight and Size Variations in SeedsAssorted beanswheat grainfenugreekblack mustardhempgreen lentilsdried peasgreen split peassoya beanswheat germoatsGolden flaxPinto beanscorianderVariety of pulsesShape Variations in SeedsPart
3、s of the SeedParts of the Seed Seeds are made up of 3 main parts.Seed Coat.Endosperm.Embryonic Plant.Planting Seeds Planting depth depends on the size of the seeds. The larger the seed, the deeper it is planted.Example: Petunia seeds are planted shallower than beans, tomatoes, or marigolds because t
4、hey are the smallest. Small seeds should be watered by bottom soaking.Planting Seeds Seeds are directly seeded when they are planted in the soil where they will grow to a saleable size. Germination flats are used if they are to be transplanted at a later time.When reusing germination flats, be sure
5、to sterilize the flats and soil.Germination Germination rate is the % that sprout. Example: 75 out of 100 = 75% Rates affected by. Seed viability. Temperature. Moisture. Type of plant. Quality of seed. Seeds to SeedlingsTransplanting Seedlings Seedlings are the small plants. Transplant when first tr
6、ue leaves appear Held by the true leaves rather than the stems to prevent stem bruising which will kill the plant.Seedlings (small plants) Transplant when first true leaves appear Reduce humidity and water and make environment more like outside to “harden off” plantsAdvantages of Sexual Reproduction
7、 Fast way to get many plants Easy to do EconomicalDisadvantages of Sexual Reproduction Some plants, especially hybrids, do not reproduce true to parents Some plants are difficult to propagate from seedsAsexual Reproduction Uses growing plant parts other than seeds Types of asexual reproduction: cutt
8、ings 插枝插枝 layering 压条压条 division or separation Budding grafting tissue cultureRooting from Cuttings Rooting media should be about 4 inches deep Best time of day is early mornings because plants have more moistureRooting from Cuttings The three main types of cuttings are.StemLeafRootStem Cuttings The
9、 taking of a piece of stem to reproduce plants. Use a rooting hormone with fungicide to.Speed up root development.Prevent root rot.Stem Cuttings-Step 1Gather all materials neededStem Cuttings-Step 2Cut 3 to 4 inch shoot from stem tipStem Cuttings-Step 3Remove lower leaves from the shootStem Cuttings
10、-Step 4Dip cut surface in rooting hormoneStem Cuttings-Step 5Thoroughly moisten rooting mediumStem Cuttings-Step 6Stick one or more cuttings in rooting mediaStem Cuttings-Step 7Cover with plastic wrap or place on a mist bench in a warm area away from direct sunlight.Stem Cuttings-Step 8Once rooted,
11、cuttings can be separated carefully and transplantedLeaf cuttings The use of leaves and sections of leaves to reproduce plants. Done from herbaceous plants Veins must be cut Leaf cuttings are best taken early in the growing season from spring to early summer, though some can be propagated any time o
12、f year.Part-leaf cuttings Streptocarpus: Select a full-grown leaf and cut in half along the midrib, which should be discarded. Using a seed tray make a shallow trench and insert the leaf, cut side down and firm in.捩荚草捩荚草Part-leaf cuttings Sansevieria, Eucomis: Cut leaves horizontally into 5cm (2in)
13、pieces and insert lower edge down. Make sure to keep the cuttings facing the direction that it was growing on the plant, alternatively cut into shallow chevrons. Insert the cuttings vertically about 2cm (3/4in) deep.虎尾兰虎尾兰Eucomis vandermerwei凤梨百合Part-leaf cuttings Begonia, Sinningia: Cut across the
14、main veins on the underside. Pin the leaf, cut side down onto the compost. Alternatively, cut the leaf into squares 2.5cm (1in) across each with a main vein. Pin the squares to the surface of the compost.BegoniaBegonia 秋海棠秋海棠Sinningia speciosa 大岩桐大岩桐Whole-leaf cuttingsSinningia incarnata岩桐Saintpauli
15、a 非洲堇(African violet)Peperomia argyreia(Watermelon Peperomia)西瓜皮椒草 Echeveria elegans景天科拟石莲花属景天科拟石莲花属( (月影月影) )Crassula capitella 茜之塔Kalanchoe blossfeldiana萬紫千紅Aftercare Water and allow to drain. Place in a propagator or a clear plastic bag in a light place out of direct sunlight. Leaf cuttings from
16、tropical plants must be kept in high humidity at about 20C (68F). When plantlets form, remove covers and allow them to grow on until large enough to pot up individually.Root Cuttings The use of roots to reproduce plants. Should be spaced 3 inches apart in the rooting area.Step 1 Carefully Uncover Th
17、e Roots The best time to take root cuttings is when the plants are dormant which is usually between November and February. At this time, there is a large amount of stored energy in the roots, and there is less stress on the parent plant because they are not actively growing and in as much need of th
18、eir root system.Step 2Take Your Root Cuttings For both woody plants and perennial plants, dont take more than one-third of the roots off. This way you will leave enough roots for the parent plant to recover.Step 3Plant Your Root Cuttings1. Use a deep pot, raised planter bed, or just in the soil some
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