2019-2020同步外研英语必修三新突破讲义:Module 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——动词不定式&but+动词不定式 .doc
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1、Section Grammar动词不定式&but动词不定式语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China,a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.2.They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun,and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.3.There was nothin
2、g to be done.It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation Ive ever been in.4.Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”.5.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult t
3、o see.6.When a sandstorm arrives in the city,weather experts advise people not to go out.7.The winds are very strong.Its difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.8.To prevent it coming nearer,the government is planting trees.9.And yet we do nothing but talk about it.1.1句中,第一个和第二个不定式在句中分别充当状语和宾
4、语;2句和8句中的不定式作状语;5句中,it为形式宾语;7句中,it为形式主语。2.由6句可知,不定式的否定式为not to do。由3句可知,不定式的被动式为to be done。由4句可知,不定式的完成式为to have done。3.由9句可知,不定式在介词but后面时,如果but之前有行为动词do的各种形式,则介词后的不定式不带to,否则带to。一、动词不定式1动词不定式的时态和语态时态语态主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done(1)不定式的一般式:表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时(几乎同
5、时)发生或在谓语动词之后发生。He asked me to help him with the task.他让我帮他完成这项任务。(2)不定式的进行式:表示不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动词同时发生。He is said to be studying abroad but I dont know which country it is.据说他正在国外学习,但我不知道是哪个国家。(3)不定式的完成式:表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。The engine just wont start.Something seems to have gone wrong with it.发动机发动不起来了。似乎
6、出问题了。(4)不定式的被动式:当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般使用动词不定式的被动形式。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前,还有很多问题需要解决。2动词不定式的语法功能(1)作主语当不定式作主语时,表示一次具体的动作,并且常用it作形式主语,把不定式后置。No matter how bright a talker you are,there are times when its better
7、 to remain silent.无论你是多么健谈的人,有些时候保持沉默更好。名师点津不定式作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式。(2)作表语不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。At college,Barack Obama didnt know that he was to become the first black president of the United States of America.在大学时,贝拉克奥巴马不知道他会成为美国第一任黑人总统。如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为
8、中心的名词,或是what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语用来说明主语的内容。Her wish is to become a key college student after graduation.她的愿望是毕业后成为一名名校大学生。(3)作宾语常用带to的不定式作宾语的动词有afford,agree,ask,decide,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等。She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant,waiting to be serve
9、d.她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。有些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾语,也可以跟动名词作宾语,但意思不同,如forget,remember,try等;有些动词后面接不定式和动名词作宾语时意思差别不大,如start,begin,hate,like 等。I remembered to lock the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights.我离开办公室之前记得锁门却忘记关灯了。名师点津feel,find,think,believe,consider,make这几个动词后面接不定式作宾语,且宾语后面有形容词/
10、名词作宾补时,常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式放到宾补之后。We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.我们都认为学好一门外语对我们来说非常重要。(4)作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语,常用于下列动词后:ask,cause,call,help,force,allow,permit,advise,order,get,want,wish,tell等。Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.乘客
11、只允许携带一个手提行李包登机。名师点津(1)在“五看(see,watch,observe,notice,look at)三使(make,let,have)两听(hear,listen to)一感(feel)” 等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to,但当以上动词(let,have除外)用于被动语态时需要带to。Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.让那些需要帮助的人们明白我们会全力以赴去帮助他们。The person was seen to enter the shop by us.我们看见那个人进
12、了商店。(2)help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式可带to也可不带to,即help sb.(to) do sth.。(5)作定语不定式作定语,置于被修饰词之后,常表示未发生的动作。The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年将竣工的机场将会帮助推进该地区旅游业的发展。中心词是序数词或被序数词、最高级、 only等修饰时,用不定式作定语。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the
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