2022年高考英语一轮复习语法专题情态动词外研版.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载语法专题六 情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气和心情,本身词义不全, 不能单独作谓语,后面必需与动词原形一起构成谓语;情态动词没有人称和数的变化,但有的情态动词有过去式;考点一 can 与 could 1表示才能,但 could 主要指过去的才能;表示“ 过去有才能胜利做成某事” 时通常 用 was/were able to;The little boy can speak two foreign languages. Could the girl read before she went to school. Everyone
2、 was able to escape when the fire broke out. 2表示可能(理论上或是规律判定上,并不涉及此事真的发生)时候可能会” ,常用于确定句中;Accidents can happen on rainy days. 3表示恳求和答应;在问句中 could 语气比 can 要委婉;You can go back home now. ,常译为“ 往往会,有4表示惊奇、怀疑、不信任等态度;主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中;How can you be so careless. 5表示估计,常用于否定句和疑问句中,语气较强;He cant be in the clas
3、sroom;the light is not on. 6cannot/never.too/enough.表示“ 再 也不为过” ;You can never be too careful when driving a car. 7cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth. 表示“ 不得不,只好做某事” ;You cannot choose but go with me. 考点二 shall 1用于其次、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威逼、决心等;此 外,颁布法律、规定时也用 shall
4、 ;The new law shall come into effect next mont h. 2用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的看法或向对方指示;Shall the man standing outside have a try. 考点三must mustnt表示禁止;对比:have to表1表示主观上的“ 必需,应当” ,其否定形式示客观上的“ 不得不” ,可用于各种时态;You must listen carefully in class.Students mustnt play with mobile phones in class. I had lost my k
5、ey, so I had to wait outdoors. 2表示“ 非要,偏要” 做某事,表达出说话者的一种不满心情;Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping. 3表示对详细事情的估计,意为“ 肯定,确定” ,语气较强,只用于确定句中;He must come from America. should 考点四 1表示义务,常译为“ 应当” ,用于各种人称;Parents should take care of their babies. 2表示推测可能性,译为“ 可能,果的一种期盼;(按道理)应当” ,多指对将来合
6、乎抱负的情形或结Its nearly 8 oclock.He should be here at the moment. 3表示惊奇、意外等,常译为“ 竟然,竟然” ;I am surprised that you should speak ill of me. 名师归纳总结 4用在 if条件句中,表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气,常译为“ 假如” ;第 1 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载If I should see him,I would tell him the news. 考点五will与 would 1表示意愿
7、,用于各种人称的陈述句中;would 常指过去的意愿;If you will read the book,Ill give it to you. 2表示恳求,用于疑问句;would 语气较委婉;Will you close the window. 3表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,常译为“ 总是,惯于” ;would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词;对比:used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在;He would sit in the park which used to be a factory reading for hours.
8、考点六 may与 might 1表示恳求、答应、许可,might 比 may语气委婉;You may use my bike. 2表示估计,常用于陈述句中,语气比较弱,把握性不大;He may go out. might 语气比 may仍要弱;3may as well动词原形,意为“ 最好,倒不如 ” ;You may as well do it at once. 4may well 动词原形,意为“ 完全能,很可能” ;Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize at first sight. 5may
9、用于祈使句中,表示希望;May you return in safety. 考点七 need 与 dare 1二者都可以作为情态动词和行为动词;当作情态动词时,后面要接动词原形,通常 用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中;用作行为动词时,其变化和一般的动词相同,有人称和数的变化,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词 否定句和疑问句时,常省略后面的 to ;do,does,did ;dare 用作行为动词,用于You neednt hurry; he needs to dress up. The little didnt dare(to )go out at night alone. 2need 作行为动
10、词时,如主语为动作的承担者时用动词的主动形式表示被动意义或用 不定式的被动形式;The house needs repairing.The house needs to be repaired. 3I dare say 为习惯说法,意为“ 我想,大致” ;I dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner. 考点八 情态动词表估计1can,may,must 皆可用来表示估计;1)在确定 句中都可以用来表示可能性;在含义上“must” 语气最确定,“may” 表示不太确定的可能性,而 can 表示理论上的可能性;2)在否定句中只能
11、用“can not ” 和“may not ” ;“cant ” (不行能)语气比“may not ” (可能不、或许不)更强;3)在疑问句中只能用“can” ,不能用“may” 和“must” ;Accidents can happen on such snowy days.Look,there is some blood on the road;an accident must have ha ppened just now.But it cant have been Mike, for I saw him in the school. 2should 与 ought to 可以表示对将来
12、情形的一种期盼,常译为“ 按理应当” ;He should/ought to be here on timehe started early. 考点九 情态动词 have done 1could have done 的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不愿定,其中 couldnt have done 多用于语气剧烈的否定,意为“ 过去不行能做过” ;could have done在确定句中表示“ 原来能做但却没做” ;The accident could have been avoided;the driver couldnt have slowed down. 名师归纳总结 2ma
13、y/might have done 表示对过去行为的估计,意为“ 可能做过” ;might 所表示第 2 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 的可能性比较弱,此外学习必备欢迎下载might have done 仍可表示“ 本可能做而实际上未做” ,含有稍微的批评语气;You might have given him more help,though you were busy with your work. 3must have done 表示对过去行为的估计,意为“ 肯定,想必做过” ,语气特别确定;It must have rained
14、 yesterday,as the ground is wet. 4should/ought to have done 用于确定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做;用于否定句时,就表示不该做某事反而做了;You oughtnt to have been late for the meeting,as it was very important. 5neednt have done 表示原来不必做某事而实际上却做了;I actually neednt have bought so much foodonly three people came. 6had better have done 用于事
15、后的建议,含稍微批评的口吻,意为“ 当时最好做了某事” ;I had better have started earlier. 1(2022 课标全国高考)I _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. Acouldnt B mustnt Cshouldnt Dneednt 2(2022 全国高考)_ find the money. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I Acan Bmi
16、ght Cwould D need 3(2022 北京高考)We _ the difficulty together ,but why didnt you tell me. Ashould face B might face Ccould have faced Dmust have faced 4(2022 天津高考)Its quite warm here; we _ turn the heating on yet. Acouldnt B mustnt Cneednt Dwouldnt 5(2022 上海高考)The new law states that people _ drive aft
17、er drinking alcohol. Awouldnt B neednt Cwont D mustnt 6(2022 重庆高考)_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone. Sorry Sir,but its urgent. ACan BShould CMust D Would 7(2022 江苏高考)Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but _ say where he was. Amustnt Bshouldnt Cwouldnt Dmightnt 8(202
18、2 江苏高考)Happy birthday. Thank you !Its the best present I _for. Ashould have wished Bmust have wished Cmay have wished Dcould have wished 9(2022 江西高考)with us for dinner. We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be Amay not Bneednt C cant Dmustnt 10(2022 辽宁高考)One of our rules is that every st
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