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1、阅读理解题型猜测词义题 细节理解题 主旨归纳题 推理判断题 阅读能力阅读能力课标要求:课标要求:u能根据上下文和构词法能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义推断、理解生词的含义。u能理解段落中各句子之间的能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系逻辑关系。u能找出能找出文章的主题文章的主题,理解故事的情节,预测,理解故事的情节,预测故事故事情节情节的的发发展和可能的结局展和可能的结局。u能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息获取信息。 123阅读技巧快速阅读短文,通读测试题。快速阅读短文,通读测试题。认真逐题作答。认真逐题作答。 仔细校对所选答案。仔细校对
2、所选答案。 提问方式:提问方式:what, who, which, what, who, which, where, why,how where, why,how 等。等。 对文中某个词语、某句子、某段对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问,一般落等细节及事实进行提问,一般可可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案在文章中找到答案。 答案基本能在原文中找到,答题答案基本能在原文中找到,答题时需要注意时需要注意关键词、句、段落关键词、句、段落。howwherewhat细节理解题 whenwhowhy细节理解题 In the book, a sailor named Captain Ah
3、ab spends a lot of time trying to find and kill enormous white whale named Moby Dick.范例范例(2014青岛中考青岛中考)【解析】选C。事实细节题。33.Moby Dick is_.A.a story written by Heman Melville B. a sailor C. the name of a white whale D. a famous dinosaur _主旨归纳题 议论文和说明文议论文和说明文的的主题句经常在开头或结主题句经常在开头或结尾。尾。记叙文记叙文往往没有主往往没有主题句,需要在
4、读懂全文、题句,需要在读懂全文、体会作者用意的基础上体会作者用意的基础上进行概括。进行概括。主旨归纳题 2012年青岛中考150. The main idea of this article is about_.230.What is the story mainly about?2013年青岛中考335. The passage is mainly about _.2014年青岛中考猜测词义题 u该题型考查该题型考查通过上下文通过上下文判断词义判断词义的能力。的能力。u词义题的考查有两种词义题的考查有两种: 超纲词含义超纲词含义的推断和的推断和熟熟词生义词生义的推断。的推断。根据根据转折、因
5、果转折、因果关系猜测词义关系猜测词义 通过通过同义词同义词和和反义词反义词的关系及构词法的关系及构词法通过通过定义定义或或释义描述关系释义描述关系来推测词义来推测词义根据根据上下文上下文的意思来猜测的意思来猜测 原文:Sam was a fifteen-year-old boy living with his little sister, Julie. Their parents passed away long ago. Sam had taken care of Julie by himself 考题:28.“Their parents passed away long ago” mean
6、s “ Their parents _ long ago.”A. died B. went on C. left home D. passed by根据上下文的意思来猜测答案根据上下文的意思来猜测答案 一、根据上下文意思猜测词义 猜测词义 _A二、通过定义或释义描述关系来推测词义 对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。引出并加以解释说明。 The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks
7、 in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。猜测词义 _三、通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 u 同义法同义法 u 如在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or,它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的。u 反义法反义法 u 如hot and cold, give and receive等,或前句为
8、肯定,后句为否定。猜测词义 He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根据根据not at all.handsome我们不难推测我们不难推测出出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。思。 猜测词义 _ developdevelopment,statestatement,argueargumenthappyunhappy,fairunfair,importantunimportantvisitvisitor,workworker,waitwaiter前缀前缀un-表反义词表反义词后缀后缀-ment
9、表名词表名词后缀后缀-er、-or表名词表名词四、通过构词法猜词 猜测词义u 考查考查通过文章表层信息推测其隐含信息通过文章表层信息推测其隐含信息的能力的能力, 要求学生揣要求学生揣摩作者的意图。摩作者的意图。u 虽然虽然不能在原文中找答案不能在原文中找答案, 但有间接的暗示和线索。但有间接的暗示和线索。推理判断题 推理判断题 范例范例 A news story is not only correct, but also relevant to its readers. People are mostly interested in news that happens near to them
10、. That is why you care more about what happens at your school than that at American schools. It is also why newspapers in Beijing dont talk about much news in Shanghai or Hong Kong.问题问题According to the writer, newspaper in Qingdao should talk about much news in . A. Qingdao B. Hong Kong C. Shanghai
11、D. BeijingA【解析解析】推理判断题。文章介绍好的新闻稿件应该与读者生活密切相关推理判断题。文章介绍好的新闻稿件应该与读者生活密切相关, 故青岛人关故青岛人关心更多的应该是青岛的事。故选心更多的应该是青岛的事。故选A。数字推算题 范例范例 There are also some traditional festivals about dragons in China. Such as Dragon Head-Raising Day and Dragon Boat Festival. We have different kinds of activities to celebrate t
12、hem. These two festivals come every year, but the Year of the Dragon comes every twelve years. This year (2012) is the Year of the Dragon. Good luck to you! 问题问题Which of the following years is the Year of the Dragon? A. 1988 B. 1998 C. 2008 D. 2018【解析解析】数字推算题。根据文章可知数字推算题。根据文章可知2012年是龙年。年是龙年。12年是一个轮回
13、年是一个轮回, 可计算出可计算出1988年是龙年。年是龙年。 Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started
14、to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition and won the first prize.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展v1 She became well-known to the public after making a series
15、 of songs for the hit TV drama “The Legend of Zhenhuan” in 2012, and the mandarin version (中文版本) of “Let It Go” from Disneys “Frozen”. In July 2013, she competed in The Voice of China II and finally got the second place in Na Yings team. She had won a lot of music awards before she was famous. Yao B
16、eina was unfortunate to be diagnosed(诊断) with breast cancer (乳腺癌) and had a successful operation in 2011. Since then, she has fought against the disease for about four years while keeping singing, but sadly she failed. She originally thought of donating all of her organs (器官) to save others lives, b
17、ut failed to do it because of her serious illness. 2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展 Shes gone, even though she had never stopped struggling with cancer. Heaven just got another beautiful angel, with her beautiful voice and kindness.( )1. The word “corneas” in the passage probably means_. A. 眼角膜眼角膜 B. 器官器官 C. 心
18、脏心脏 D. 肾脏肾脏( )2.Yao was born in a _ family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. A. doctor B. farmer C. music D. worker( )3. How old was Yao Beina when she she competed in The Voice of China II and finally got the second place in Na Yings team. A. 23. B. 22. C. 32. D. 33. ( )4. Which is TRUE about Yao Beina a
19、ccording to the passage?A. She started to play the piano at the age of 5. B. She had great voice and won a lot of awards in music.C. She was a weak and selfish girl.D. She won over the breast cancer in the end.( )5. Whats the passage mainly about?A. Yao Beinas family. B. Yao Beinas disease. C. Yao B
20、einas teacher. D. Yao Beinas art achievements. 2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展ACCDB【主旨大意主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文,主本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了姚贝娜的生平。姚贝娜出生要介绍了姚贝娜的生平。姚贝娜出生于音乐世家,四岁学钢琴,九岁上台于音乐世家,四岁学钢琴,九岁上台表演,荣获过许多音乐奖项。表演,荣获过许多音乐奖项。2012年为年为甄嬛传甄嬛传、冰雪奇缘冰雪奇缘等影等影视剧唱主题曲;视剧唱主题曲;2013年在年在“中国好中国好声音声音” 第二季中获亚军。不幸的是,第二季中获亚军。不幸的是,她得了乳腺癌,于她得了乳腺癌,于201
21、5年年1月月16日辞日辞世。姚贝娜生前曾打算捐赠全身器官,世。姚贝娜生前曾打算捐赠全身器官,由于病情恶化,全身器官感染,最后由于病情恶化,全身器官感染,最后眼角膜捐给了两名眼疾患者。网友和眼角膜捐给了两名眼疾患者。网友和粉丝称她为粉丝称她为“有美丽歌喉的善良天有美丽歌喉的善良天使使”。 Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas donated to two men who needed them, which
22、 helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Comp
23、etition and won the first prize.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展v1 _猜测词义题 Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas (眼角膜) donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on
24、 Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition and won the first prize.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展v1细节理解题 Not only a pop
25、ular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas (眼角膜) donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and
26、 she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition and won the first prize.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展v1推理判断题 Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted ang
27、el. She had her corneas (眼角膜) donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite
28、 well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition and won the first prize.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展v1 _ _主旨归纳题 She became well-known to the public after making a series of songs for the hit TV drama “The Legend of Zhenhuan” in 2012, and the mandarin version (中文版本中文版本) of “Le
29、t It Go” from Disneys “Frozen”. In July 2013, she competed in The Voice of China II and finally got the second place in Na Yings team. She had won a lot of music awards before she was famous. Yao Beina was unfortunate to be diagnosed(诊断)(诊断) with breast cancer (乳腺癌乳腺癌) and had a successful operation in 2011. Since then, she has fought against the disease for about four years while keeping singing, but sadly she failed. She originally thought of donating all of her organs (器官器官) to save others lives, but failed to do it because of her serious illness. 2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展 _ _推理判断题
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