初中英语:形容词-副词-介词-连词综合复习.docx
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1、专题六 形容词 副词I.形容词 一、形容词的一般用法1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。 Its a cold and windy day.2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound.) He looks happy today.3.放在something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时之后。 Would you like something hot to drink?4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放可在名词之后作后置定语。How long is the river? Its about two hundred me
2、tres long.5.多作表语的形容词:afraid;alone;asleep;awake;alive;well健康的;ill;The man is ill.那个人生病了. The ill man is my uncle.那个坏人是我叔叔.6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的最适当的, 最好的唯一的;wooden僵硬的,不自然的;没有精神的:木质的; woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的7.貌似副词的形容词(名词词尾加ly变来的形容词):lonely;friendly;lively;lovely 8. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是:1)冠词或人称代词 2)数词 3
3、)性质 4)大小 5)形状6)表示老少,新旧 7)颜色 8)事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如:His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。9. 形容词名词化:有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词,表示一类人,谓语常用复数。这类词有:rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如:The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人
4、应该好好照顾老人。二、形容词常用句型1.“Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth Its very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)2.“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=To do sth is adj for sb .Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not eas
5、y for them.)3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad,pleased,sad,thankful等常接不定式作状语。Im very sad to hear the bad news.副词 一、副词的基本用法:1).副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前. He plays the piano very well .2). 副词是用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后. He got up quickly3).enough 修饰adj /adv 时,放在其后. He is old enough to go to school .二、常见副词,形容词用法辨析1.already与yet的
6、区别already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”He had_left when I called. Have you found your ruler_?2 very,much和very much.的区别very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用very much.John is _ honest. This garden is_ bigger than that one. Thank you _.3.so与such的区别 so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词,My brotherr
7、uns so fast that I cant follow him. He is such a boy. 4.also,too,as well与either 的区别 also,as well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。例如,My father is a teacher. My mother is _a teacher. =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher _. =My father is a teacher. M
8、y mother is a teacher,_.I cant speak French Jenny cant speak French,_.5.sometime,sometimes,some time与some times的区别Sometime adj:表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。(at an uncertain time in the past or in the future)Sometimes adv:有时,不时的= at times ,from time to time, occasionallysome time:一段时间 some times:几次,几倍 Well hav
9、e a test _next month. _ we are busy and sometimes we are not. He stayed in Beijing for _ last year. 6.ago与before的区别 ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。在现在完成时里表在此之前。 I saw him ten minutes _. He told me that he had seen the film_.7.now,just与just now的区别 now:与一
10、般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在” just:与现在完成时连用,表示“刚” just now:和过去时连用,表示“刚才”Where does he live_? We have _ seen the film. He was here_. 8.lonely / alone 的区别 alone 独自一人/没有同伴, 既可作adj 也可作adv.、形容词,副词的比较级、最高级 一、规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或est, tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st, nice-nicer-nic
11、est3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est, heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est, big-bigger-biggest注: 大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.(big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat )5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级, beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful important-less important-least important English is
12、more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .6.由 “形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加more/ most slowly-more slowly-most slowly;但earlyearlier-earliest 二、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold / elderold /eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther (距离)/further(程度
13、)farthest /furthest下列单、双音节词只能加more和most原级比较级最高级like(想似的)more likemost likereal(真的)more realmost real tiredmore tiredmost tired pleasedmore pleasedmost pleasedoftenmore oftenmost often形容词,副词等级的用法 一、原级的用法1.修饰原级,very,quite,so,too He is too tired to walk on. My brother runs so fast that I cant follow hi
14、m.2.原级常用的句型结构(1)A= B-A+ as +adj / adv的原级+ as +B 表示 “A和B一样”Tom is as old as Kate. Tom runs as fast as Mike. (2)AB-A +not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B 表示 “A不如B” This room is not as/so big as that one. 二、比较级的用法 1.可以修饰比较级的词.much,a lot,far,的多a little,a bit,一点儿even甚至,still仍然many(more+可数名词复数),Lesson One is much easier
15、 than Lesson Two. Tom looks even younger than before.2.比较级常用的句型结构 “甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”Tom is taller than Kate. I got up earlier than my mother this morning.三.最高级的用法1).结构: the +最高级+ of +人或物( in +地点)2).the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .3).one of +the +
16、形容词的最高级+复数名词He is one of the cleverest students in our class. 4). “特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较。 Which season do you like (the) best,spring,summer or autumn?四.比级别的惯用法 1. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。 He is getting taller and taller.2. “the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,越”。 The more careful you are,the fewer mista
17、kes youll make.3.“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+”表示“甲是两者中较的”。Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two. He is taller than _ boy in his class. He is taller than _boy in our class .例题解析:( )1. He is _ friends than I. A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more( )2. Which is the _ co
18、untry, Japan or Australia? A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing( )3. There were _ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990. A. little B. few C. fewer D. less( )4. If you are not free today, come another day _. A. too B. so C. instead D. yet( )5He cant tell us _, I
19、think. A. important anything B. anything important C. important something D. something important.( )6. The Huang River is the second _ river in our country. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest( )7. The light in the office wasnt _for him to read. A. enough bright B. bright enough C. brightly
20、D. enough brightly( )8. There was an accident at the corner. _, the girl wasnt _hurt. A. luckily, badly B. luck, hardly C. Lucky, heavily D. Lucky, strongly( )9. You must keep your eyes _ when you do eye exercises. A. close B. open C. closed D., opened( ) 10. Five days has passed , but I havent fini
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