攻克口译口试:通过电影提升英汉互译能力.doc
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1、攻克口译口试:通过电影提升英汉互译能力 翻译,这不是翻译家的事吗?至少是行家的职责呀!你可能会这样说。其实,翻译事业,人人有责。而且,我们大多数中国人学外语的方法和途径就是翻译,使用外语的方法也是翻译。因此,我们要更多地从翻译入手学外语,学外语的过程中也要更多地做翻译,不论是处于初级水平,还是处于中级或高级水平。本文摘取13例外国电影的汉译,一是希望大家对翻译更感兴趣,二是希望大家从中得到翻译方法的启迪,以直接或间接地服务于大家考试(中级和高级口译岗位资格证书考试)中的翻译。翻译贵在理解。只有理解了原文,才能使译文忠实于原文,才能使译文通顺易懂。而理解原文的钥匙便是原文的语境、功能、关联这三大
2、要素:这恰好也是三条根本的语用原则。下面请看译例以及我们的短评。欢迎参加我们的讨论。1. Youre a pal!(选自电影Presumed Innocent)你真够朋友/你真够哥们!短评:我看到电影字幕是“你是一个朋友”,这句译文是判断或阐述,而原文是抒情(属于“表达类”言语行为)。可见,好译文要翻译出原文的交际功能。2. I am ready to pop.(选自电影Liar Liar)我要爆炸了/我的肚子要裂开了。短评:这是对“还要吃点吗?”的应答,因此是礼貌拒绝的功能。那么,翻译成“吃不下了”、“再吃就要爆炸了”也算合格。根本不能像字幕那样翻译:“我准备引爆。”3. I am in t
3、he book business.(选自电影Youve Got Mail)我是做图书生意的/我是书商。短评:电影字幕是“我在书生意里”,一是汉语不地道,观众不知所云;二是没有翻译出原文的功能:原文是介绍自己的职业,相当于“我是医生/教师”。4. I owe you my life.(选自电影The Count of Monte Critsto)我欠你一条命/我这条命是你捡回来的。短评:电影字幕是“我这条命是你给的”,岂有此理!命乃父母所赐。原文的功能是致谢。因此,若译为“我欠你一大笔人情”或“以后用得着我尽管说”也比 “给”字句好些。5. She never called me at home
4、.(选自电影Presumed Innocent)她从不在家给我打电话/她不在家里跟我打电话。短评:电影字幕说是“她不跟我家打电话”。虽然英语语法有一定的模糊性,但是根据剧情应该是“她在家”。语言交际的推理要以最佳关联为原则。6. Thats the thing nowadays.(选自电影Liar Liar)现在就时兴这个/眼下就流行这个。短评:一女子对男友说及眼前的一件漂亮的时装,这句话虽然模糊但是不能译成字幕上的“现在就是这个东西”。7. They zig. You zag.(选自电影Fair Game)他们左,你就右/他们这样,你却那样。短评:原文如同汉语的拆文解字,把zigzag拆成两
5、个临时造词,表示不一致。不能把原文译为“他们这样之字型,你却那样之字型”。这样观众就云里雾里了。8. I dont want us to end up enemies.(选自电影Presumed Innocent)我不希望咱们闹翻/我不希望以互相为敌而告终。短评:电影字幕的译文是“我不希望干掉敌人”。原文末尾虽然是成语化的简洁,但是根据最佳关联的原则还是可以推理为“闹翻”或“为敌”的译文。9. Do you mind if I borrow this chair? - Yes, I mind.(选自电影Youve Got Mail)我借这把椅子坐坐可以吗?不行的/不行不行。短评:字幕是“介意吗
6、”和“介意”。作为礼貌的套话,do you mind应该译为“好不好/行不行/你愿不愿意?”当然,电影里女主人公的拒绝是标记性的,是不太礼貌的。10. I saw something I could never have seen.(选自电影Ghost Ship)我看见了,真稀奇/我看见了一个前所未见的东西。短评:原文相当于I saw a strange thing,因此,不能译为“我明白了,原先不明白的”。当然正确的理解是离不开语境(情景和上下文)的。11. Youre cleverer than you look.(选自电影Brave Heart)你真聪明,看不出来/没想到你的脑子还很好使
7、。短评:字幕翻译是“你比你看上去的聪明一些”,我的一些学生也这样译,离钱钟书先生提出的“化境”十万八千里。就是说该译文的汉语不地道。12. The tea is served, Madam.(选自电影The Princess Diaries)茶好了,太太/请用茶,夫人。短评:这是女佣对女主人说的话。电影字幕是“茶水端上来了”,这是宣告或通知,而原文是礼节性交际空白填充(不说话显得不开心不默契),是献茶的邀请(相当于please)。译文不能出现语言功能的误解或错位。13. Please come here. I beg. In the name of Christ.(选自电影Brave Hear
8、t)请过来吧,求你了,快点吧/过来,过来,过来吧我的小祖宗!(求你了,过来吧,看在基督的份上!)短评:原文的末尾是请求或命令的强势语,与基督或基督教没有丝毫关联。再看字幕翻译:“请过来,我求你,以基督的名义。”我国的主流文化是非宗教文化,难怪这样的译文不地道。叫孩子“小/老祖宗”倒可以,红楼梦里贾母等人就是这样叫宝玉的。电影翻译要从语境、功能和关联切入才能达到正确的理解和通顺的译文,考研翻译和口译资格证考试也莫不如此:大凡出现问题的译文,不论是误解了原文的字面义还是内涵义,也不管是译文表达欠通顺还是欠地道,大抵可以说是没有把好原文的语境、功能、关联的脉冲之故,这里恕不一一赘述。上面都是一些不太
9、成功的翻译,是不是我们的翻译都不行呢?当然不是。也有一些译的不错的,例如:沙博里将水浒传译为:Outlaws of the Marsh(沼泽地上的亡命之徒)。我们来看看outlaw 的英文释义:An outlaw is a criminal who is hiding from the authorities. (OLD-FASHIONED) 这里把outlaw 译成亡命之徒,是否准确?大家共同论之。)杨宪益译将屈原的国殇译为:For Those Fallen for Their Country,北外出版社将儒林外史译为:The Scholars。这些都是译者吃透了原文的原意而译出的好“手艺”
10、。再看一段:老者道:“西方却去不得。那山离此有六十里远,正是西方必由之路。却有八百里火焰,周围寸草不生,若过此山,就是铜脑盖,铁身躯,也要化成汁哩。” (西游记)“Its impossible to get to the west,” the old man replied, “The mountains are about twenty miles from here. You have to cross them to get to the west, but theyre over 250 miles of flame. Not a blade of grass can grow any
11、where around. Even if you had a skull of bronze and a body of iron, you would melt trying to cross them职场英语:十种方法让你职场更抢手The current economy has made job-hunting a vital skill set for increasing numbers of people. But even in the best of economic times, it pays to understand what you can do to make yo
12、urself more appealing in the marketplace. 现在的经济形势使得求职成为越来越多的就业者需要具备的一项重要技巧。但即使是在经济形势最好的时候,要懂得如何使自己在人才市场上变得更有吸引力也需要付出代价。Current career trends suggest that an individual will change careers at least 7 times during a lifetime. This reality presents the opportunity to fulfill several of our aspirations.
13、 No longer do we have to choose only one road. Instead, we can visualize a broader map, and believe that we will likely come across those other roads somewhere down the line. Increasing marketability is a sure way of being more prepared for a career change. The following are ten strategies for sharp
14、ening skills and increasing marketability1. Visualize. 想象 Set aside some time to think about where you are in life, and where you want to be. Are you happy? What parts of your career excite you, and what frustrates you? Where do you want to be in five years? In ten? Give yourself permission to dream
15、. 2. Take Inventory. 制作清单 What activities are you currently doing, both on the job and in your leisure time? What skills do they require? How would you rate your skills? Which ones need improving? How could you sharpen them? Which skills do you enjoy using, and which skills do you wish you used more
16、 often? 3. Update your resume. 更新你的简历 Regularly update your resume. Visiting a local career center or scanning current resume books can keep your resume looking polished. You also may want to have resumes that highlight different skills. For example, you might have one specifically for management po
17、sitions, and another for advertising positions. Also, keep hard copies of your resume close at hand and give it out freely. 4. Attend Workshops. 参加培训 Take advantage of workshops offered by your employer. Dare to go to a training session that doesnt exactly fit your job. For example, if your job requ
18、ires computer skills, in addition to computer-related workshops, consider attending a workshop on leadership. If your organization doesnt offer workshops, consider taking a course at a local community college. 5. Cross-train. 交叉性训练 Make your current job more interesting and enhance your skills at th
19、e same time by varying your job responsibilities. Continuously hone your skills that are transferable to other positions, corporations, and even career fields. Always be quick to volunteer for opportunities to learn different skills. 6. Join committees. 参加协会 Committees are a great way to network and
20、 to improve skills. Vary the committees on which you serve. Chair (成为领导者) a committee. Choose to be on a committee that will challenge you intellectually, emotionally, skill-wise, etc. In other words, make a decision to grow. 7. Do something different. 做些不同寻常的事情 Been doing the same thing for years?
21、Maybe now is the time for change. Try something youve always wanted to do, but for whatever reason, havent yet. Youll learn more about yourself, enhance skills, make contacts, and feel alive again. 8. Make new contacts, strengthen the old. 结识新朋友,不忘老朋友 Networking is the primary way people get intervi
22、ews. View every opportunity as a networking one. The goal isnt to determine, What can this person do for me, but finding out what you and the other person have to offer each other. Form and maintain relationships at work, through your family, in social organizations, and in your community. Remember,
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