时间状语从句用法.doc
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1、*-概念:在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。(在复合句中,要注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致。) 1.由when, while, ,just ,just as, as,after, before, since, until, as soon as,引导的时间状语从句。例如: When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了。 When truth is buried under the ground ,it grows, it ch
2、okes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候,它在生长,它感到压抑,它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量,一旦冒出,它就会炸破一切! Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候,你就能感觉到空气在流动。 Our headmaster laughed
3、 as she spoke. 我们的校长边谈边笑。 主要时态:主现从不现;主过从四过;主将从现。 when, while和as的区别 when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词;动作既可以和主句的动作同时发生,又可以在主句的动作前后发生。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如:When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词) We w
4、ere about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。 While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如: While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生) 。 I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢
5、打篮球。(对比) As表示“一边一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如: We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边一边”) As we were going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间) 2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主
6、句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时,则从句动词多用一般过去时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和 从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如: It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arri
7、ved.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。 They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。 After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。 After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时) 3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两
8、者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。例如: I didnt go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English .直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。 I worked until he came
9、back.我工作到他回来为止。 I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。 Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。 4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般过去式。例如: I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。 Where have you been
10、since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了? It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一就”。例如: I will go there di
11、rectly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去。 The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。 注意:hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no
12、 sooner位于句首时, 主句应用倒装语序。例如: He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。 No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。 Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了。 He had hardl
13、y fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。 6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如: By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have
14、 finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。 7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如: Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我 Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了。 You grow younger every time I see you
15、. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了。 8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“只要“例如: You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行。 I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况。 这是一般现在,一般过去,现在进行,过去进行,现在完成,过去完成,现在完成进行,一般将来,过去将来时的时
16、间状语: 1.Often,usually-动词原型do,does,am,is, are 2.yesterday,last Sunday,in the past-动词过去式did,was,were 3.now-be+doing 4.while,at that time,-was doing,were doing 5.since从句,for 2 days,-have done,have been +过去的某个时间点-had done,had been 7.与现在完成相似-have been+持续动词ing形式 8.一切表示将来的时间状语,in+一段时间-将来要发生的一般性动作, will,shal
17、l+原型 9.与一般将来时相似-would+原型 1. when、 as、 while引导的时间状语从句分析:(1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”, when既可以指时间段也可指时间点, 从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词, 且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生, 注意体会如下例句: Ill call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。/ When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹, 这门就吱嘎作响。/ He stopped trying, when he mig
18、ht have succeeded next time. 他不再试了, 其实他可能下一次就成功。/ When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时, 妻子在做晚饭。如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同, 而从句的谓语又是be动词时, 那么从句中的主语和be可以省略; 当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时, 往往还可以用“when分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如: When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。/ When I came int
19、o the room(=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 当我进入房间的时候, 我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。(2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”, 它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行, 用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词, 或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中, 主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词, 例如: Study while you study; play while you play. 该学习的时候就学习, 该玩的时候就玩。/ I me
20、t her while I was at school. 当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。(3) as引导时间状语从句时表示“当时, 一边一边”, 侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作), 或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。例如: He jumps as he goes along. 他边走边跳。/ I slipped on the ice as I ran home. 我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。/ I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。/ As the wind rose the noise i
21、ncreased. 刮风的时候噪声增大。在下列各句的空格中填入适当的连词: 1. _ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been. 2. _ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully. 3. I saw her just _ she was getting off the train. 4. Have a good look at that man _ you pass him. 5. It was already eight oclock _ we got there. 6. I was
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