应用化学专业英语(课后答案和课文翻译)(共11页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 1 The Roots of ChemistryI. Comprehension.1.It can be inferred from this article which one of the following items is not mainly based on practical use C. Greek chemistry 2. It was B. Empedocless who first introduced the idea that all things are not formed from just one element.3. In
2、 the development of Greek chemistry, D. Democritus was the first one definiting the ultimately constituents of matter?4. According to Plato, there are B. 4 “elements” whose faces are constituted by regular polygons.5. In the last paragraph,authors think that experiment DD.can deal with the reactions
3、 by which one substance is converted into anotherII. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.1. The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty, and it is necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.2. Science is an ever-i
4、ncreasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is also an activity by which knowledge is generated.3. Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a single mundane planet.4. People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rathe
5、r simple whereas others are highly complex.5. Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistry there is neither life nor death.6. Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects of human life, although many of us are not fully aware of
6、 this.III. Translation.1. (a)化学过程; (b)自然科学; (c)蒸馏技术(a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation2. 正是原子构成铁、水、氧等。It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and so on.3. 化学具有悠久的历史,事实上,人类的化学活动可追溯到无记录时代以前Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activity in che
7、mistry goes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times.4. 根据水的蒸发现象,人们认识到液体在一定条件下可以变成气体According to the evaporation of water, people know/realized that liquids can turn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment.5. 在你使用这种材料之前,你必须弄清它的各种性质You must make sure the prope
8、rties of the material before you use it.IV. Translation化学是三种基础自然科学之一,另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以来,化学过程持续进行,甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。这三步是:(I)物理进化(化学元素的产生),(II)化学进化(分子和生物分子的形成);和(III)生物进化(有机物的形成和发展)。Unit 4 Dinking Water Quality And Health1.The uniqueness of the compounds structu
9、re is A. necessary to learning its synthesis and its application.2.The structure B. conversation of this molecule leads to its various usage 3.There is a wide range of compounds at trace levels that cannot be thoroughly D. eliminated from the water4.Whats the main idea of this text? DD.Water carries
10、 many chemical components that result in various diseases5.What happens when people are exposed to low concentrations of chemical constituents? CC.They will be sick over a long time, sometimes a lifelong time 6.What kind of evidence shows that chemicals in drinking effect human health? CC.Though no
11、clear evidence, there are really some precautions for it7.Which organization does the European Union is preferred to follow its legislation on minimum drinking water quality? A.W.H.O 8.Whats the reason that led is still a danger to mans health? DD.Although lead is seldom used now, there still exist
12、many older lead properties in use9.There is no evidence that nitrate-contained water will cause gastric cancer, because AA.the increase in nitrate level sometime result to a decrease in gastric cancer rates1.Some chemicals are accumulated in the bodies of certain organisms, concentrations of them re
13、flecting environmental pollution levels over time2.Nonyl-phenols were suspected of stimulating vitellogenin production in the trout3.Clearly, some chemical in the effluent was behaving like a female hormone and the fish provided an early warning of a potential problem requiring urgent investigation4
14、.This compound is normally produces in the liver of female fish in response to the hormone oestradiol and is incorporated into the yolk of developing eggs5.The amount of change in the community will be related to the severity of the incident 6.the definition of pollution given above includes the adv
15、erse effects on living resources and ecological systems so that impacts need quantifying7.The measured quantities can then be compared with standards of allowable concentrations8.Water pollution can be defined as the introduction by man into the environment of substances or energy liable to cause ha
16、zards to health, harm to living resources and ecological systems, damage to structure or amenity, or interference in/with legitimate uses of the environment 9.How people design computer game is beyond me 10.Anyone with an annual income of under 5000 may be eligible to apply1.饮水中毒的例子有时是触目惊心的The case
17、of water poisoning is sometimes shocking 2.生物耗氧量的定义是与1L废水中的还原剂作用所需的氧气质量Biological oxygen demand is defined with 1L water reducing agent in the role of the oxygen required quality3.人体中大部分的水是喝进去的,但是相当一部分来自食物,还有相当一部分水是人体对食物中的氢原子进行氧化时生成的The body most of the water is to drink it, but rather part from foo
18、d, there is a considerable portion of water is the body of the food in the hydrogen oxidation is generated when the4.但是应该清醒地认识到即使是最先进的检测方法也有可能放过一些会产生新的意想不到的后果的有害物质However it should be soberly aware of even the most advanced detection methods also have the potential to be let off some will produce ne
19、w beat all the consequences of hazardous substance5.这种疾病称为正铁血红蛋白症,是婴儿紫绀综合征的病因之一婴儿的水分和氧气需要量很大,而由于亚硝酸盐的存在,他们的血红蛋白值却很低The disease known as methemoglobinemia disease, is one of the causes of bluebaby syndrome- baby moisture and oxygen in great demand, and as a result of nitrite presence, their hemoglobi
20、n value is very low一个主要来源的有机污染废水的污水处理工程。在英国,这种废水是,作为最低要求,满足了皇家委员会的标准,允许不超过30毫克/升的悬浮物和20毫克/升的生化需氧量(一个30:20污水稀释)。至少八体积的水,具有生化需氧量不超过2毫克/升,是要达到这个标准。不幸的是,设计能力的许多污水处理厂以下的人口现在他们的服务。这可能导致慢性河流的污染或造成定期刷新水质差,破坏水生群落。在大多数发展中国家的世界少有,或是没有,污水处理设施和粪便污染的水的结果在许多寄生感染和水性疾病如痢疾,霍乱和脊髓灰质炎。受污染的水供应仍然造成了每年超过二百万人死亡和无数的疾病。Unit 5
21、 The Periodic Table1.From the first paragraph, we can get information about the periodic table except CC.the periodic table records how many neutrons in the atoms directly2.We can infer from the passage that periodic table AA.is first presented by Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev3.According to the passage
22、, which is true among the following sentences? BB.Mendeleev had made many valuable predictions of the undiscovered elements4.From Mendeleevs periodic table, we can conclude that AA.the elements arrangement brought to light the periodicity of chemical properties5.Which sentence best states the modern
23、 periodic table? CC.The size of atoms and the activity of electrons can be predicted with the number of the elements period6.Owing to their electron structure, the noble gases have some special characters as BB.because of their stability, the noble gases dont undergo reactions and all exist in monat
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