Unit2-Working-the-land-Grammar.ppt
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1、动词的动词的-ing形式做主语和宾语形式做主语和宾语我们常说的现在分词和动我们常说的现在分词和动名词是怎么回事?名词是怎么回事?现在分词和动名词都是由动词末现在分词和动名词都是由动词末尾加尾加 -ing 形式构形式构成,因此统称为动词的成,因此统称为动词的 -ing 形式形式。V+-ing千万要注意千万要注意V-ingV-ing形式的规则哟!形式的规则哟!不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语。现在分词还有时态和语态的变化。时时 态态 和和 语语 态态 类 别 及及 物物 动动 词词不及物动词不及物动词形式主主 动动被被 动动主主 动动一般式 doing being don
2、e doing 完成式 having done having been done Havingdone作主语:动名词作主语:动名词Teaching is my full-time job.Writing an English composition is not easy. Its useless taking this kind of medicine.动名词作主语的形式主语句型动名词作主语的形式主语句型1.It is no use /good doing.2.It is not any use/good doing.3.It is worthwhile doing.4.It is hard
3、ly worth doing.5.There is no doing.6.Its a waste of time doing.eg.Its no good telling her all the truth. Its no use crying over the spilt milk. There is no talking what will happen. Its a waste of time arguing about it. It is worthwhile trying this experiment.动名词和不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为;不定式作主语
4、往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。eg. Playing with fire is dangerous. To play with fire will be dangerous. Smoking is prohibited here. To smoke so much isnt good for you. 作表语作表语(1 1)动名词)动名词My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her full-time job.(2 2)现在分词)现在分词The play
5、 is exciting. Exciting is the play.The story he told us was very interesting. Interesting was the story he told us.动名词与现在分词作表语的区别:动名词作表语说明主语的内容,回答what 或doing what的问题.现在分词作主语说明主语的性质特征,回答how的问题.eg. The film is very interesting. ( How is the film ? ) His job is teaching. ( What is his job ? ) 动名词和不定式作表
6、语的区别:动名词作表语表示一般或抽象的行为;不定式作表语往往表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式.eg. My favourite hobby is jogging. His idea is to give up the plan.现在进行时着重强调动作正在进行.eg. He is cleaning the window.作宾语:动名词作宾语:动名词I have just finished doing my home work. I suggested asking his brother for some money.He keeps buying expensive maps
7、.He is fond of playing football.一一.只接动名词作宾语的常见只接动名词作宾语的常见 动词动词(短语短语)有有:dislike, avoid, consider, finish, suggest,deny, imagine,risk, mind, keep, miss, enjoy, fancy,admit,delay,appreciate,practise, escape,cant help, cant stand, give up,put off, feel like, succeed in,等太多了,怎么记呀?Mrs Black missed a beef
8、bag.二二.某些动词接不定式与动名词作宾语的区别某些动词接不定式与动名词作宾语的区别1) remember to do 记住要做某事记住要做某事 remember doing 记得过去做过某事记得过去做过某事我记得在街上见过他。我记得在街上见过他。 I remember meeting him in the street. 我想起来要给我父母亲写信。我想起来要给我父母亲写信。I remember to write a letter to my parents.2)forget to do 忘记去做某事忘记去做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事忘记做过某事我忘了去为她寄那封信了我忘了
9、去为她寄那封信了.I forgot to mail the letter for her.我忘记了写过那篇作文我忘记了写过那篇作文.I forgot writing that composition.3) stop doing 停止停止 做某事做某事 stop to do 停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事请不要抽烟请不要抽烟Stop smoking, please. 咱们停下来休息一下吧。咱们停下来休息一下吧。Lets stop to have a rest. 4) mean to do 打算做某事打算做某事 mean doing 意味着意味着I meant to
10、catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a lot of money.我打算赶上早班车我打算赶上早班车.这意味着花很多钱这意味着花很多钱.5) try to do 设法尽力做某事设法尽力做某事 try doing 试着做某事试着做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings.你设法尽力克服你的缺点你设法尽力克服你的缺点.Try working out the physics problem in another way.试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题.6)re
11、gret to do 对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾 regret doing 对已做过的事表示后悔对已做过的事表示后悔我后悔花了那么多钱.我很遗憾地吿诉你,你高考失败了.I regret spending so much money.I regret to tell you have failed the college entrance exam.三.allow,advise, forbid, permit + doing allow,advise,forbid,permit +sb. +to do eg. We dont allow smoking here. We d
12、ont allow students to smoke.四.need, require, want + doing (主动形式表被动意义) to be done eg. The window needs/ requires/ wants cleaning. to be cleaned.五.add to, look forward to, lead to, pay attention to, stick to, devote oneself to, object to, get down to, get / be used to + doing 六. love, like, prefer, ha
13、te, + doing 表示一般倾向性. to do表示一次具体动作eg. I like chatting on the Internet. I like to go to the cinema tonight.七. begin, start, continue + doing / to do 区别不大. 如果谈论一项长期的或习惯的动作,常用doing. eg. She starts making preparations at eight every day. I was beginning to get worried. She began to understand what they
14、really wanted. The meat began to give off a bad smell.八. Should / would like / love + to do eg.The little child would love to be taken to the zoo. 作宾语补足语:现在分词作宾语补足语:现在分词I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.The baby watched his dad s
15、having his face with great interest.能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些,看看有什么好方法可动词有这些,看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住:以将它们记住:make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、feel。“三让三让,三看三看,两听两听,注意感觉注意感觉”。现在分词与不定式作宾语补足语的区别现在分词与不定式作宾语补足语的区别:现在分词作宾补强调动作正在进行现在分词作宾补强调动作正在进行.不定式作宾补强调动作的全过程不定式作宾补强调动作的全过程.I saw the
16、girl getting on the tractor. 我看见那个女孩正在上拖拉机我看见那个女孩正在上拖拉机.I saw the girl get on the tractor and drive off. 我看见那个女孩上了拖拉机我看见那个女孩上了拖拉机, 然后把车开走了然后把车开走了.I smell something _ on the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute ? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt A动名词作定语表示性质或用途。通动名词作定语表示性质或用途。通常放在
17、它所修饰的词之前常放在它所修饰的词之前.a washing machine a machine for washinga swimming pool a pool for swimmingThis is a new washing machine. 作定语作定语现在分词作定语表示动作。现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单个分词,放在被修饰的名词前;如果是单个分词,放在被修饰的名词前;如果是现在分词短语如果是现在分词短语,就放在被修饰的名词之就放在被修饰的名词之后后,相当于定语从句相当于定语从句.a developing country a country which is developinga
18、sleeping boy a boy who is sleepingChina is a developing country.The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.The man who was talking with my father is作定语作定语不定式与现在分词作定语的区别不定式与现在分词作定语的区别:主要表现在时态上主要表现在时态上不定式作定语通常指将来的动作不定式作定语通常指将来的动作.现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行. eg. He has two letters to write. Do you
19、know the man sitting at the desk ? He is a student at Oxford University,_ for a degree in computer science. A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studyingB作作 状状 语语现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随(方式)等。果、伴随(方式)等。Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.(时间)(时间)Being ill, he went
20、 home. (原因)(原因)European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET 98)(结果)(结果)He read a magazine waiting for the bus.(伴随伴随) Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.(条件)条件)现在分词作状语要记住现在分词作状语要记住:现在分词作状语现在分词作状语,分词的分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致. Work
21、ing hard, you will succeed. Being ill, she stayed at home. Having failed many times, he didnt lose his heart. Please answer the question using another way. Yesterday, I called you ,_ you some information on computer. A.asked B. asking C. and ask D. to ask2.While building a tunnel through the mountai
22、n,_. A. an under gtound lake was discovered B. there was an undergtound lake discovered C. a lake was dscovered underground D. the workers discovered an underground lakeBD 现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别: 现在分词作结果状语,一般表示显而易见的结果. 不定式作结果状语表示预想不到的结果.这两种结 构常位于句末,用逗号与句子分开. eg. I hurried to the office, only to find it wa
23、s closed. European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.现在分词作状语要记住现在分词作状语要记住:现在分词作状语现在分词作状语,分词的分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致.但是当分词的逻辑但是当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时主语与主句的主语不同时,分词必须有自己的主语分词必须有自己的主语.eg. Weather permitting, well go to the Great wall. The shower being ov
24、er, we continued to march. The guest having left, he began to take a short rest. Miss Gao falling ill, Mr Wang took her class instead.记住常见的非谓语固定用语1)judging by/ from 根据判断 Judging from his accent, he is from Hubei. generally / strickly / broadly speaking 一般/ 严格/广义 说来 Generally speaking, the most impor
25、tant news is on the front page.3)Taking everything into account 把一切都考虑在内 Taking everything into account, his decision is not so bad.4) talking of 谈到,说道 Talking of the football match, which side won ?5) not counting 不把计算在内 There are only 8 apples left in the basket, not counting the spoilt ones. 6) C
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- Unit2 Working the land Grammar
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