商务英语泛读实用技巧TeachingNotesforBusinessEnglishExtensiveReading.pdf
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1、Teaching Notes for Business English Extensive Reading 课程内容及目标 :阅读理解:能够读懂英语国家出版的中等难度的各种材料和文章(包括新闻电讯与特写、短文、电报、传记、游记及史地科普文章)、难度相当于The moon Is Down 的文学原著、 Readers Digest 等报刊、 杂志,以及少年百科全书中各种文章。阅读速度为80 个词 /分钟,能了解中心大意,抓住主要论点或情节;能根据所读材料进行推理和分析,领会作者的真实意图。快速阅读:能在3-4 分钟内速读1000 词左右的中等难度的文章(生词不超过总词数3%) ,了解中心大意,根
2、据上下文和构词知识猜测和判断词义。快速阅读可分为:1、略读:要求以 “ 全景式 ” 浏览全文。目的是检查对文章大意的理解程度。重点放在从整体意义上把握作者思维的轨迹。包括:文章的中心思想、作者的观点、文章的风格、文章的口吻、文章的体裁。2、寻读:旨在寻找各种特定的具体信息,不要求了解全文大意。寻读的阅读材料可分为:英语词典,百科全书,年鉴,广告,说明书,图表,旅游见闻,信件,火车、飞机、轮船、浏览车的时刻表,索引,数据,菜单,报刊、杂志,论文、备忘录、报告、讲座等的摘选篇章。教学环节:1、 Reading Skill 2、3、 Text 4、 Vocabulary Building 5 、 C
3、loze 6、 Text 7、 Fast Reading 8、 Topics for Discussion and Reflection。考核形式: 1、Vocabulary 2、Cloze 3、Reading Comprehension 4、 Fast Reading 教材及主要参考书: 商务英语阅读总主编:虞苏美高等教育出版社新编英语教程 (1-4 册) ,王守仁,赵文书主编,上海外语教育出版社,2001 年 7 月版; 新编英语泛读教程(1-4)参考答案, 新编英语泛读教程编写组,上海外语教育出版社,1997 年 8 月版; 英语泛读教程 1、2曾肯干等编著,上海外语教育出版社,1998
4、 年版; 英语阅读论胡春洞等编著,广西教育出版社。Page 2 of 86 Fast Reading Skills 1. 解决短篇文章阅读理解问题的过程:Step 1:快速浏览全文,旨在概括文章的主旨及把握文章结构。不求完全看懂每词每句的意思。Step 2:逐个看问题。Step 3:搜索与回答问题相关的信息。(* 目的就是要只花时间在与回答问题相关的词句上面。尽量减少作无用功。 )Step 4:分析信息,推断答案。 (*要充分利用你的经验、知识和直觉。)Step 5:评选多选项,选出与自己的推断答案一致的选项。(* 正确的选择项不过是对自己推断答案的确认。)* 具体执行要点:Step 1:快速
5、浏览全文,旨在概括文章的主旨及把握文章结构。不求完全看懂每词每句的意思。1.英语议论文和说明文的典型结构:I Observation and generalization of decision-making environment. II Problem recognition. III Information search and research. IV Problem analysis. V Decision-making process: evaluating the alternatives and choosing the best choice. I.Introduction
6、The subject or topic. A statement of the problem, etc. Comments on the way it is to be treated. II.Development Presentation, analysis and discussion (involving comments on “ advantages and disadvantages”). 1. main idea. ( + examples, details) 2. main idea ( + examples, details) 3. etc. Page 3 of 86
7、3. 英语议论文和说明文的典型段落:Developing Paragraphs Main linking words 1 Cause and effect 因果型why did X happened? what caused X? the cause is, because/because of, the reasons for , since, now that, as a result of, on account of, for this reason, owing to, due to, the result/effect/consequence of, thus, hence, th
8、erefore, so, so that, result in, lead to, consequently, accordingly,.2 Comparison and contrast 比较和对比型more than, less than, asas, not soas, the same as, similarly, likewise, just as, in comparison with, compared with, in contrast, while, whereas, on the other hand, on the contrary, however, .3 Exempl
9、ification 举例型for example, for instance, that is to say, that is, namely, say, suppose, such as, one example is , take as an example, there are many examples to show.4 Interpretation of data 解释型according to, in accordance with, in relation to, as can be seen from the chart/diagram/table/graph, as sho
10、wn in the table/figure/chart, 5 Listing 列举型first, second, third,lastin the first place, then, next, besides, in addition to, moreover, furthermore finally, .6 Classification 分类型be classified into , consist of , comprises, is composed of , is divided into ., constitutes, 7 Generalization 演绎概括型It is g
11、enerally accepted /argued /held /believed that, generally speaking, 8 Drawing conclusions 归纳推理型In short, in a word, in brief, to sum up, in conclusion, on the whole, altogether, in all, III. Conclusion Perhaps a summary of the main points in II. Own views/opinions and decisions. Page 4 of 86 1. 演绎型段
12、落 : 主题句通常在段落的开头。2. 归纳型段落:主题句通常在段落的末尾。3. 将各段落的主题句概括起来就是主题思想。Step 2 :逐个看问题。阅读问题的主要类型:就文章主题、段落大意提问What is the passage mainly about? What do we learn from the last paragraph? 就作者观点、态度提问What is the authors attitude toward high-tech communications equipment? In the authors view, high service standards are
13、 impossible in Israel_.就文章基调、写作目的提问Which of the following best describes the authors tone in the passage? The author s purpose in writing the passage is _.就逻辑性推理判断提问It can be inferred from the passage that _. A general statement=a topic sentence Detail 1 Detail 2 Detail 3 A general statement=a topic
14、 sentence Detail 3 Detail 2 Detail 1 What is the passage mainly about? Topic sentence 3 Topic sentence 2 Topic sentence 1 Page 5 of 86 It can be concluded from the passage that _. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? This passage is most probably taken from an article
15、entitled “_”.就具体的细节确认提问Why did Bezaq s international branch lose 40% of its market share?Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage? What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? 就词汇、短语的意义提问In the passage, “out of sight and out of mind” (Line 2, Para. 3) probably mean
16、s _.The word “spas”(Line 2, Para 3) most probably means _.Step 3:搜索与回答问题相关的信息。如何搜索与问题相关的信息:1.抓问题中的关键词语;2.基于对段落大意和文章结构把握(Step 1) ,以及问题类型对信息的要求(Step 2),运用快读法 (Skimming) ,找到与回答问题相关的语句; 3.运用详细研读法(Scanning) ,获取这些语句传达的信息。Step 4:分析信息,推断答案。推断出正确的答案主要受三个因素的影响:1.英语基础知识和应用技能;2.应试者的综合知识;3. 科学的思维方法。分析问题的方法:根据问题的
17、类型,相机抉择。一、关于主题思想(Subject Matter)Subject Matter(SM中心思想 )是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容,是贯穿全文的核心。作者在文章中努力通过各种Supporting Details 来阐明中心议题。 因此,把握主要思想对于全文理解具有重要意义。主旨题类常被列为5 题之首。 然而,如何找出主题常使考生倍感棘手。因为他们总希望通过某个词或某句话就能找到答案,而找主题往往需要通读全文后才能作出判断。针对 SM 问题,应采用快速阅读法(Skimming )浏览全文,理解文章主旨大意,阅读时要注意抓住中心思想的句子在文章中的位置也不同,但阅读时,文章的开头、结尾及
18、段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要,因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题( SM) 。根据问题内容的不同,这类问题可分成主题型、标题型和目的型。主题型一目了然就是找中心(Main Idea) ;标题型是为文章选择标题(Title) ;目的型就是推断作者的写作意图(Purpose) 。这类题常见的命题方式有:(1) What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ? (2) What does this passage mainly (primarily)concerned ? (3) The main theme of this passage is _.
19、 (4) The main point of the passage is_. (5) Which of the following is the best title for the passage ? (6) The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is _. (7) On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found in a textbook ? (8) Which of the following best describ
20、es the passage as a whole ? (9) The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _. (10)The author writes this passage to_. 解题步骤A找出主题句主题句大多数情况下出现在比较重要的位置,如文章的开头或结尾,如果一篇文章包括多个段落,一般来说 每个自然段的首句也是主题句。文章主题句之外的其他内容一般都是对主题句加以解释、补充说明或列举事实等。Page 6 of 86 主题型例文1 Most episodes of absent-mindedness forgetting w
21、here you left something or wondering why you just entered a room - are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “Youre supposed to remember something, but you havent encoded it deeply. ”Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact
22、on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and dont pay attention to what you did because youre involved in a conversation, youll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe(
23、衣柜 ). “You memory itself isn t failing you, “ says Schacter. “Rather, you didn t give your memory system the information it needed.”Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” say Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the
24、 mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to
25、 take a medication(药物 ) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table dont leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why youre there. Most likely, you were thinking about s
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