2022年虚拟语气详细讲解 .pdf
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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气是表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假想和建议。一. 虚拟条件句主要有下面两类。1)表示现在及将来情况的虚拟条件句(表示怵然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况):谓语主要形式如下:从句主句过去式Would+动词原形在从句中,不管第几人称动词be多用 were这个形式。(1) If you hurried, you would catch the bus. 你要是赶紧是可以搭上车的。(2) You might be late if you went on foot. 假如你步行你可能会迟到。(3) If it were not raining, wo wouldn t stay indoo
2、rs. 要是现在天不下雨,我们就不会呆在屋里了。(4) If I knew French, I would read the book in the original. 如果我懂法语我就要看这本书的原文了。(5) What would you do suppose he were here? 要是他在这里你怎么办?(6) How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer! 你要是能多停留些时候该多好!2)表示过去情况的虚拟条件句:谓语主要形式如下名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
3、 - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 从句主句had + 过去分词would have + 过去分词这类句子表示的是与事实相反的情况。例如:(1) If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。(2) If I hadn t taken your advice, I would have made a terrible mistake. 我要是不听你的劝告就犯大错了。(3) She would have c
4、ome if she hadn t been so busy . 要不是忙她就来了(4) If it hadn t been for him,we would have lost the game. 要不是他,我们这场比赛就输了。(5) You wouldn t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes. 要是多穿点衣服你就不会着凉了。注: 在上述两类虚拟条件句中,主句的谓语除了用would 构成外,还可以用 might 或者 could ,第一人称后多用would。二. 虚拟语气基本用法。1)在表示将来情况的条件从句中,有事可以用 “we
5、re to / should + 动词原形”来构成谓语:(1) If I were to / should do it, I would do it in a easy way. 要是我来做这事,我会用另一种简单的做法。(2) We wouldn t lose courage even if we should / were to fail again. 即使再次失败我们也不会泄气。(3) If they should / were to attack us, we should wipe them out completely .如果他们胆敢袭击我们,我们就彻底消灭他们。(4) If the
6、y were to / should act like that again, you should criticize them severely . 要是他们再那样做,你就要严厉地批评他们。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 2)另外,如果条件句中包含有were, had, should 或 could,有时可以把 if 省略掉,但这时要把were, had, should 或 could 放在主语前面(这种结构
7、在口语中比较少使用):(1) Had we made (=If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. 要是准备充分我们是可能成功的。(2) Could the dead man have spoken, he would have identified his murderer.如果死人会说话,他会认出谁是谋害他的人。(3) Were it not for their assistance, we should be in serious difficulty . 要不是他们的协助,我们会陷入困境。(4) Sh
8、ould Mr. Green call, what would you say? 要是格林先生打电话你怎么说?(5) Should there be a cheat, what should we do? 万一那是一个骗局我们怎么办?3)有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语来表示:(1) Without your coming, the party would be a boring party . 要不是你的到来,这个聚会只会让人厌烦。(2) What would you do with a long holiday? 有一个长假你会怎样用?(3) With conce
9、rted effort we could have brought it off. 如果齐心协力我们本来是可以成功的。(4) He could have done better under more favorable conditions. 在更有利的条件下他还可以做得更好。(5) This change would not have taken place without a solid math foundation.没有坚实的数学基础发生这种变化是不可能的。考点精要:一 虚拟语气可以表示愿望、建议、命令等语气,也可以表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等语气,这分别从下列情形的从句中可以得名师资料总结
10、 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 到体现。(1)主语从句:A. it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等结构后的主语从句,表示建议、愿望的语气:1) It is our wish that he
11、do what he pleases. 我们的意思是,他爱怎样就怎样。2) It is insisted that we should take up the question at the discussion. 我们坚持在讨论中谈这个问题。3) It is suggested that we should form up a spare time study group. 我们建议成立一个业余学习小组。4) It has been decided that the sports meeting should be postponed till next week. 已经决定运动会将延至下周
12、举行。B it is a pity, it is a shame, it is incredible, it is strange, it is no wonder等结构后的主语从句:1) It is a shame that she should do such things. 她竟然做这种事,真令人害臊。2) It is a great pity that he should be so conceited. 真遗憾他竟会这样自高自大。3) It is incredible that she should have finished the work so soon. 真让人难以置信,她的
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