医学专业英语.doc
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1、精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除一般检查general examination一, 性别sex 男Male 女Female 二, 年龄 age三, 生命体征 :vital age体温body temperature a,口测法oral measurementb,肛测法archos measurement c,腋测法axil measurement呼吸respirations脉搏pulse血压 blood pressure 四,发育development 体型(Habitus):无力型(asthenic type)、超力型(sthenic type)、正力型(orthosthen
2、ic type)五,营养state of nutrition: 良好well、中等moderatelty。肥胖(Obesity)、消瘦slake六,意识consciousness: 嗜睡drowsiness、意识模糊clouding of consciousness 昏睡hyponody、昏迷coma(浅,中,深度),谵妄acute confusional state七,语调tone 语态voice八,面容facial features 急性病容face of acute ill,慢性病容chronic disease face,贫血面容anemic face,甲亢面容hyperthyreos
3、is feature,粘液性水肿面容myxedema face, 二尖瓣面容mitral facies,满月脸面容moon face,肢端肥大症面容acromegaly facies,伤寒面容typhoid face,病危面容,Hippocrates face表情expression 正常normal,淡漠indifference烦躁不安dysphoria,痛苦suffering 忧郁gloom九,体位position a,自主体位active position b,被动体位passive position 极度意识衰竭和丧失culmination consciousness failure
4、and loss c,强迫体位compulsive position强迫坐位(端坐呼吸)compulsive sitting position (orthopnea)十,姿势posture十一,步态 gaita a,蹒跚步态 waddling gait b,醉酒步态drinken man gait c,共济失调步态 ataxic gait d,慌张步态 festinating gait e,跨閱步态 steppage gait f,剪刀步态 scissor gait g,间歇性跛行 intermittent gait十二,皮肤skin1, 颜色skin color a,苍白 pallor 贫血
5、anaemia b,发红 redness 发热fever c,发绀 cyanosis缺氧hypoxia d,黄染 stained yellow 肝病liver disease e,色素沉着 pigmentation肝病liver disease f,色素脱失 coloring material loss 白化症 albinismus2,湿度moisture 干燥dry 脱水dewat 湿润moist 休克shock 3,弹性elasticity4,皮疹skin eruption a 斑疹 maculate b 玫瑰疹roseola c 丘疹papules ; d 斑丘疹maculopapula
6、te , e 荨麻疹urticaria5,脱屑scales 6赘生物vegetation 7,皮下出血subcutaneous hemorrhage a 瘀点petechia b瘀斑ecchymosis c 紫癜purpura d血肿hematome8,蜘蛛痣 spider angioma 肝掌liver palms 9,水肿edema 10,皮下结节subcutaneous nodules 11,瘢痕scar 12,毛发hair 13,淋巴lymph 体检(胸腹部)Physical examination(chest and belly)1、肋骨和软组织ribs and soft tissu
7、re胸骨上切迹suprasternal notch浮肋free ribs胸壁chest wall扁平(桶状、佝偻、漏头、鸡)胸flat (barrel,rachitic, funnel, pigeon) chest皮下气肿subcutaneous emphysema捻发音Crepitus软组织损伤soft tissue injury肋骨畸形abnormality of the ribs(rib deformity, costal anomaly)肋软骨畸形costochondral deformity肋软骨增生costal cartilage hyperplasia肋下切口subcostal
8、incision肋间隙宽(窄)wide (narrow) intercostal space乳房breast3、肺lung呼吸缓慢(急促)bradypnea (tachypnea)呼吸浅慢(深快)hypopnea (hyperpnea)呼吸不规则irregular respiration点头呼吸nodding breathing端坐呼吸orthopnea三凹征retraction sign of three fossae叹息样呼吸sighing respiration浅快shallow and rapid呼(吸)气性呼吸困难expiratory (inspiratory) dyspnea呼吸道
9、烧伤(塌陷)burn (collapse) of respiratory tract(airway)呼吸道阻塞respiratory tract obstruction呼吸均匀(呼吸加深或加快)eupnea(exaggerated or acclerated respiratory)呼吸停止apnea呼吸费力respiration is labored语音(触觉)震颤vocal (tactile) fremitus语颤相等(减弱、增强)vocal fremitus is equal(diminished, accentuated)间接(直接)叩诊mediate (immediate) perc
10、ussion 浊(实、鼓、清、过清、金属)音dullness (flatness, tympany, vesicular resonance, hyperresonance, bell)移动范围range of movement 呼吸音消失(减弱,增强)absence (diminution, exaggeration) of breath sound呼吸音粗(清)sound of breath(SOB) is rough (clear)支气管(支气管肺泡,肺泡)音bronchophony (bronchovesicular sound, vesicular sound)管状呼吸音tubula
11、r breath sound捻发音crepitant rales爆裂音crackles干(湿)罗音dry (moist) rales细(中等、粗)罗音fine (medium, coarse) rales呼(吸)气未罗音end-inspiratory (expiratory) rales胸膜摩擦音pleural friction rub呼(吸)气延长prolonged inspiratory (expiratory)高(低)调鼾音sibilant (sonorous) rhonchi (sonorous rales)哨笛音sibilant rales哮鸣音wheezing小(中、大)水泡音sm
12、all(middle, big) bubbles支气管语音bronchophony耳语音whispered羊鸣音egophony高(低)音调high (low)-pitched两肺部(右背部)over both lung fields (right back)两(左)肺底over the both (left) lower lung整个肺野the whole lung field左(右)上(下)肺the left (right) upper (lower) lung肺尖(底)apex (base) of lung4、心脏Heart心房 心室 室间隔 房间隔 主动脉瓣 肺动脉瓣 二尖瓣 三尖瓣
13、用手掌(指尖)触诊心尖搏动palpate apical area with palm numbness (fingertips)心前区隆起(凹陷)precordial bulge (retraction)搏动弥漫(局限)diffuse (local) pulsation负性搏动inward inpulse心尖搏动apex beat (apical impulse)剑突下搏动xiphoideusal pulsaton抬举性心尖搏动heaving apex impulse心尖搏动最强点point of maximal impulse (PMI)锁骨中线mid-calvicular line (MC
14、L)肋间intercostal space (ICS)收缩(舒张)期震颤systolic (diastolic) thrill心浊音界the border of cardiac dullnes心绝对(相对)浊音界扩大(缩小)enlarged (diminished) absolute (relative) cardiac dullness叩诊心脏大小正常heart size is normal on (to) percussion心脏向左(右)扩大cardiac dilation (enlargement) to the left (right)第1(2、3、4)心音S1(S2,S3,S4)第
15、1心音增强(减弱,听不清)first heart sound is exaggerate (decreased, muffled)生(病)理性杂音(分裂)physiologic (pathological) murmur (splitting)生理性(固定、反常、逆)分裂physiologic (fixed, paradoxical, reversed) splitting肺动脉瓣第2心音(=,(=,)A2大炮音connon sound心音消失heart sound is absent (disapeared)心音增强(减弱)accentuated (diminished) cardiac s
16、ound心音响亮(遥远)cardiac sound is loud (distant)收缩期(舒张期,连续性)杂音systolic (diastolic, continuous) murmur收缩(舒张)前(中、晚)期杂音pre-(mid-, post) systolic (diastolic) murmur全收缩期的holosystolic(pansystolic)全舒张期的holodiastolic (pandiastolic)低(高)音调low (high) pitched递减(递增,递减-递增)性杂音decrescendo (crescendo, decrescendo-crescen
17、do)murmur呈喷射型be ejection in type级喷射型收缩期杂音grade (I-/6) systolic ejection murmur吹风样杂音murmur of puffing character低音调隆隆样low-pitched rumbling quality柔和(粗糙)的soft (harsh or rough)吹风样(喷射性、隆隆样、沙沙声样、搔抓声样、机器声样、汽笛声样、倒水声样)杂音blowing (ejection, rumbling, rustting, scratching, machinary, whistling, pouring )murmur功
18、能性(器质性)杂音functional (organic) murmur血管(静脉)杂音vascular (venous) murmur枪击音pistol shot sound静脉营营音venous hum奔马律gallop rhythm胎心律embryocardia心律齐(不齐)regular (irregular) rhythm心律不齐arrhythmia二(三)联律bigeminy (trigeminy)早搏premature (extrasystol)喀嗽音click钟摆律pendular rhythm二尖瓣开瓣音mitral opening snap心包摩擦音pericardial
19、friction sound听诊on auscultation二尖瓣(主瓣,肺瓣,三尖瓣)听诊区mitral (aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) valve area心包叩击音pericardial knock肿瘤扑落音tumor plop5、腹部abdomen腹膨隆abdominal distention (prominence)腹平坦(凹陷)abdominal flatness (retraction)蛙状(球状、舟状)腹frog(bulbous, scaphoid) belly (abdomen)腹围增大increased abdominal girth肠型in
20、testinal pattern胃(小肠)蠕动波gastric (intestinal) peristaltic wave静脉曲张varicosity (dilated tortuous vein)疤痕scar腹壁紧张(松驰)guarding (abdominal muscular relaxation)腹壁切口(创伤)incision (wound) of abdominal wall腹部分区abdominal region左(右)上(下)腹left (right) upper (lower) quadrant脐膨出projection of the umbilicus腹式呼吸abdomin
21、al (diaphragmatic) breathing腹壁松弛lax abdominal wall肝肿大hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)脾肿大splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen)右肋下5厘米5 cm below the right costal margin肿块(肝)质硬firm mass (liver)莫菲氏征murphys sigh肌卫现象muscle guarding (tension)反跳痛rebound tenderness压痛点tenderness point剑突下压痛tenderness
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