Unit 1 Fighting with the Forces of Nature.doc
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1、如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流Unit 1 Fighting with the Forces of Nature【精品文档】第 8 页Unit 1 Fighting with the Forces of NatureText A The Icy Defender I. Words and Expressions1. (L 5) raw: adj. cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed *The event took place on a raw February morning. 这块砧
2、板是专门用来切生肉的。(This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.) *Raw materials are the natural substances from which industrial products are made.2. (L 7) launch: vt.1) start * Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets. 这家电脑公司今年开始生产一种新产品。(This computer company launc
3、hes a new product this year.)2) send (sth.) on its course *On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the worlds first artificial satellite, called Sputnik. Collocation: launch an attack发动进攻 launch a massive campaign发动一场大规模的运动 launch a company开一家公司 launch threats at sb.向某人发出威胁 launch into(积极有力地)
4、开始 * He launched into a long speech about the danger of taking drugs. 他开始作关于吸毒危险性的长篇演说。 launch out(精力充沛或戏剧性地)开始 * She wants to be more than a singer and is launching out into films. 她不是仅仅想当一名歌手,而且正在积极涉足电影界。3. (L 10) campaign: n. a series of military operations or planned activities with a particular
5、 aim (插入声音文件campaign) (The government is launching a massive campaign against corruption.) 在我们城市开展的灭鼠运动开端良好。 (The campaign against rats in our city got off to a good start.)CF: campaign, battle & war 这三个词都是名词,均含有“战斗,战争”之意。campaign通常指在一场大的战争中,某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动,也可作引申用。battle强调指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗,也指陆
6、军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗,或个人之间的争斗。war是战争的总称,一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Many _ criminals were proceeded against following World War II. (=war)2. The American presidential _lasts for eighteen months. (=campaign) 3. It was a decisiv
7、e _ we won the _ because of it. (=battle, war) 4. The Philippines had suffered grievously under the Japanese occupation. A highly effective guerilla _ controlled sixty percent of the islands, mostly jungle and mountain areas. (=campaign) 4. (L 15) efficient: adj. working well, quickly and without wa
8、ste*To cut back on fossil fuels, we should build more efficient cars. 雇佣未受良好训练的工人效果是不会好的。(It is not efficient to hire poorly trained workers. ) 5. (L 16) conquest: n. conquering, defeat*Hitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the conquest of the USSR would be simple. 1939年德国征服了波兰。(The year 1939 h
9、ad witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany.)6. (L 21) retreat: v. move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty*After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward.我们采取如下策略:敌进我退,敌退我追。 ( We adopted the following strategies: When the enemy advances, we retreat: when they retreat, we
10、 pursue.)NB: retreat 的反义词是 advance 例:to advance against (on, to, toward) 朝前进to retreat from 从撤退to retreat to 撤退到CF: conquest, triumph & victory 这三个词都是名词,均含有“胜利”之意。conquest指获取胜利或征服,把失败者置于控制之下。triumph着重指胜利或成功的辉煌。victory普通用词,主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的胜利,强调艰辛与成功。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words abo
11、ve. Change the form where necessary.1. Under the leadership of the Party, we are marching from _ to _. (=victory, victory)2. The Yangtze Bridge is a great _ of modern civil engineering. (=triumph) 3. It was a _ of human intellect, and also international cooperation and communication (=triumph) 4. In
12、 process of time, Rome became a great empire by_. (=conquest) 7. (L 24) engage: vt.1) begin fighting with sb. *The commander ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immediately.他们与敌人交战。(They engaged the enemy.)2) draw into; involve *We tried to engage him in our conversation, but in vain.3) attract
13、 sb.s interest*We failed to engage any active support for our project. 他善良的性情吸引每个人。(=His good nature engages everyone.)4) occupy*Studying engages most of a serious students time. 工作占去她很多时间。(=Work engages much of her time.)Pattern: engage (sb.) in sth. : (cause to) take part in sth. * They are curren
14、tly engaged in lengthy trade negotiations. * The teacher tried to engage the shy boy in conversation. Collocation: engage as 使聘为 engage in 从事;使参加 engage with 与啮合8. (L 27) be faced with: have to deal with * The librarians were faced with the huge task of listing all the books.(= We were faced with an
15、 exceptionally difficult situation.)9. (L 27)crucial: adj. very important (followed by to)*Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game.增强消费者信心是经济复苏的关键。(=Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.)CF: crucial, critical & decisive 这三个词都是形容词,都有“紧要的, 紧迫的,重要的”之
16、意。crucial意为决定性的、极重要的,指对关键性事物不断增长的缺乏或需求,或需求紧急情况或危急转折关头。例如:*We must pay attention to this crucial test. 我们必须重视这次决定性的试验。critical意为决定性的,与crucial相似,但表示对缺乏程度更精确的估计。在转折关头时比crucial表现出更大的严重性。例如:* The patients condition is critical. 病人情况危急。decisive 意思是决定性的、果断的,只有重要、特殊或决定性效果。例如:* Our air forces were decisive i
17、n winning the war. 我们的空军对打赢这场战争有决定性的贡献。10. (L 30) take a gamble: take a risk * The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off.(= I think shes taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks.)11. (L 30) press on/ahead: continue doing sth. in a determined way (used
18、 in the pattern: press on/ahead (with sth.)*Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform. *Organizers of the strike are determined to press on. 12. (L 39) bide ones time: wait patiently for a chance * His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies.*He
19、 bided his time until Harvard University offered him a professorship.13. (L 46)minus: prep. below zero; made less by; slightly lower than the mark stated * Tomorrows temperature will be as low as minus ten degrees centigrade.* 20 minus 10 is 10.我在期末考试中得了B减。(= I got B minus in the final examination.)
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