定语从句语法与练习 .pdf
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1、定语从句一、有关定语从句的概念(1)定语从句:就是在复合句里充当定语的从句,它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。(2)先行词:就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。(3)关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which 和 that 等;关系副词有when, where, why 等。关系词不仅起连接作用,而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分,关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等,关系副词作状语。如:This is the book that my father bought me yesterday. 这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。说明:句
2、中修饰the book 的 that my father bought me yesterday 就是定语从句;被定语从句所修饰的 the book 这是先行词;代表the book 的关系代词that 在定语从句中作bought 的直接宾语。The time when he arrives is not known. 他到达的时间还不知道。说明: 句中 when he arrives 是定语从句, 被定语从句修饰的the time 是先行词,关系副词when作时间状语。二、关系代词的一般用法先行词是人,在从句中作主语用who,作宾语用whom 或 who,作定语用whose;先行词是物,在定
3、语从句中作主语或宾语都用which ,作定语用of which 或 whose 均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom 都可用 that 代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。This is the man who helped me yesterday. 这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。(作主语 ) The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. 你要见的老师来了。(作 see的宾语,可以省略 ) I met a boy whose father was an astronaut. 我认识一位男孩,他的父亲是宇航员。(作定语
4、 ) Here is the coat which/that will be bought for you. 这是一件买给你的衣服。(作主语)This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。(作 visited的宾语,可以省略) He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful. 他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。三、关系副词的一般用法关系副词有when, where, why ,在定语从句中作状语,分别表示时间、地点和原因。whe
5、n 的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词;where 的先行词通常是place, city, town, village, house, case, situation, scenes等地点或情形名词;why 的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when 和 where 有时可用“介词which”代替, why 可用 for which 代替。如: There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (=in
6、 which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?注意:先行词虽然是时间或地点,但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,要用关系代词。(1)The factory where his father worked has closed. 他父亲曾工作的那家工厂关闭了。(作状语 ) 比较: The factory which/that was built in 1978 has closed. 1978年建的那家工厂关闭了。(作主精选学习资料 - - -
7、- - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页语) (2) Ill never forget the days when we lived together. 我永远也忘不了我们一起生活的那些日子。 (作状语 ) 比较: Ill never forget the days (that) we spent in Australia. 我永远也忘不了我们在澳大利亚度过的那些日子。(作及物动词spent 的宾语 ) (3) The reason (why) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是
8、她吃了变质的肉。 (作状语,用关系副词) 比较:The reason (that) he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated. 他所说的缺席理由显然是编造的。 (作 gave 的宾语,用关系代词) 四、习惯上要用that 引导的定语从句(1)当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时,或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。All that can be done
9、 has been done. 能做的都已经做了。He will tell you everything that he heard about it.他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。There is little work that is fit for you. 没什么工作适合你做。I have eaten all the food that is left. 我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。(2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时,或者先行词被序数词(包括 last, next)、最高级形容词及 the only, the very 等修饰时。This is the first film t
10、hat I have seen since I came here. 这是我到这里后所看的第一场电影。This is the best that has been used against pollution. 这是用来防止污染的最好办法。This is the very book that I am looking for. 这正是我一直在寻找的那本书。(3)先行词包括人和物时。They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in. 他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。(4)当主句是以who 或
11、 which 开头的疑问句时,为了避免重复,多用that 引导。如:Which is the house that caught fire last night? 昨晚失火的是那座房子?Who is the lady that is playing the piano? 在弹钢琴的那位小姐是谁?五、习惯上不用that 引导的定语从句(1)在非限制性定语从句中,不可以用that 引导。Yesterday I met Mary, who seemed very excited. 昨天我碰到了玛丽,她显得非常兴奋。(2)直接在介词后作宾语时,不能用that 引导,要用whom, whose 或 wh
12、ich,且不能省略。The house in which we live is not large. 我们住院的房子不大。I know the young man with whom you live. 我认识和你住在一起的那个年青人。但当介词放在从句的末尾时,可以用 that 替代 which, who 替代 whom, 也可以省略关系代词。如:The house (which/that) we live in is not large. 我们住院的房子不大。I know the man (whom/who/that) you live with. 我认识和你住在一起的那个人。(3)当先行词
13、是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, people 等时,多用who。如:None so blind as those who wont see. 睁眼不看事实的人眼最瞎。Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in. 任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人,他说认识你。He who has a mind to beat his dog will easily find his stick. (谚 )欲加之罪 ,何患无辞。(4)当先
14、行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时。I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 有位新校长明天来, 他将教你们德语。一、定语从句练习题A.I 单项填空1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father?-Yes,
15、 hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim ?A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day ?A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you b
16、ought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which D.who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who s B whose C. that D.of whic
17、h. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which ; is B. whom ; was C. who; is D. who ; was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live in
18、. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom 填空。1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _we live in is very old. 5. Didn t you see the man _I
19、 talked with just now ?B. I 单项填空1. I m looking at the photograph _ you sent me with a letter.A. who B. whom C. that D. it 2. This is the best film has been shown this year. A. that B. which C. who D. when 3. This is the cage _. A. Polly lives B. that Polly lives in it C. where Polly lives in D. that
20、 Polly live in 4. Did you find the notebook _ Jim had given me for my birthday? A. that B. who C. what D. it 5. Is _ you borrowed from the library? A. this book B. this the book C. this book which D. this book that 6. He received the letter _ yesterday. A. that Lucy wrote B. from Lucy wrote C. that
21、wrote Lucy to D. to Lucy 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页II. 把下列句子合并为含有that 引导的定语从句的复合句。1. Do you like the clothes? They look unusual. _ 2. Those are the shoes. My father bought them for me last week. _ 3. The letter was from my uncle. I received it yesterday. _ 4. The man an
22、swered the phone. He told me you were away. _ 5. The girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital. _ C. I. 选用适当的关系代词填空(who, which, that) 。1.He is the only person _ knows the secret. 2. We went to the farm _ was not far away from our school last month. 3. The person _ is talking to Mr. Li
23、 is Jim s father.4. Do you know anyone _ knows about the history of the Ming Tombs. 5. It is the important thing _ should be finished soon. II. 将下列句子合并为含有which 或 who 引导的定语从句的复合句。1. Here is the pen. I bought the pen yesterday. _ 2. The girl is my best friend Jane. The girl is in a red skirt. _ 3. The
24、 book is about a girl called Alice. I read the book yesterday evening. _ 4. Is that the boy? You talked about the boy yesterday. _ 5. I dislike people. People talk much but do little. _ III. 根据汉语提示,用定语从句完成下列句子。1. I respect people _( 诚实的 ). 2. There are a few guests _ (我想向你介绍的). 3. Ted likes the bike
25、 _ (他妈妈送他作生日礼物的) very much. 4. Do you know the boy _ ( 在池中游泳的)? 5. Hangzhou is a city _ ( 以西湖而闻名的). D. 1. Do you know the man _ is talking with Mr Wang? Yes, he s our new head teacher.A. / B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _ we can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is
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