2022年阅读详解 .pdf
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1、Part I Reading ComprehensionPassage One1Real police officers can hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.真正的警察几乎不能看出电视上的警察生活与现实之间有任何相似之处。【详解】开门见山,很重要的全文主题句 ,读懂就能知道文章讨论的内容。此句表达低调,其实想表达的意思是“现实的警察生活与电视上的迥异different 。” 【注】表示类比的句子、比较的句子、说明因果关系的句子都是阅读中的主题句。【词汇】( 1)rese
2、mble rizembl v. 相似,类似; resemblance rizembl ?ns n.相似处,相似物;肖像 bears resemblance to B 是一个英语中常用的表示两者相似的短语,例如:The girl bears great resemblance to you, are you twins? 这女孩与你长得很像,你们是双胞胎吗?(2)阅读中否定副词、半否定副词都是杀手!注意这里的hardly 几乎不,简直没有,同类的还有 seldom很少,不常; little 几乎没有; scarcely稀少地,几乎不;barely 几乎不等。2 TS 主题句,不够清晰The fi
3、rst difference is that a policemans real life revolves round criminal law. TS ,具体说明He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer(辛苦啊,要懂那么多的法律知识) , andwhat is more 递进 , he has to apply it
4、on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to. 形象地描写了在漆黑雨夜,警察为了办案而四处奔走,寻录口供(很辛苦!)。【详解】( 1)本段主题句是句表语从句,事实陈述,其中revolve around“围绕着 , 转”,故此句意为“警察生活围绕着刑法转。”(2)第三句中“ he has to apply it on his feet ”很多同学不明白,其实仔细理解不难发现,应用到脚,警察要自己用脚去应用、检验,说白了就是警察要practice law 执法,依
5、法,有证据地抓人,非常辛苦要跑腿(n_n),要亲历亲为。【本段逻辑变化】没有原因,没有转折,只有递进,说明全部围绕的是第一句主题句。【词汇】( 1)revolve riv ?lv v.( 使)旋转; (使)循环出现;围绕(常与 around 或 about 连用 );反复考虑名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - (2)apply ?plai vt.(to) 应用,运用,使用;实施,实行;(for) 申请,请求appl
6、y oneself (to) 使(自己 )致力于;使 (注意力、精力等)专注于3 TS 主题句Little of his time is spent in chatting. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes.Get the meaning:现实中的警察很可怜,做着很多琐事。【详解】本段主题句中含否
7、定副词Little ,正话反说,“他几乎没有时间聊天”,即“他的时间都在忙正事。”【词汇】( 1)guilty ilti a. 犯罪的, (判决或证明 )有罪的;自知有过错的,内疚的bring (someone) in guilty (陪审团 )判定 (某人 )有罪; plead guilty 法律 服罪,认罪(2)petty peti a.次要的;地位低下的,下级的;小规模的;渺小的,微不足道的;无聊的;琐碎的4 Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he s arrested, the s
8、tory is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks 状语,除了在,little effort is spent on searching.【详解】( 1)本段第二句中much of a 意为“了不起的”常用于否定句或疑问句,前面加了否定副词seldom,所以此句意为“在现实生活中,找到罪犯并不是什么了不起的难题。”(2)第三句中“Except in very seriou
9、s cases like murders and terrorist attacks ”作状语,此句意为“除了在非常严重的案件中,如谋杀、恐怖袭击,其余的案件(警察)不会尽力去搜捕嫌犯。”5 Having made an arrest, a detective 与前文所指police 没有多大区别,英文不喜欢重复really start to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.【词汇】 detective ditekt
10、iv a. 发现的,察觉的;侦探的;探测(用 )的n.侦探6 At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They
11、 can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.【详解】( 1)前二句指出:现实中,警探与电视剧中警探明显的区别有两点:j警察要守法; k 作为高成本的公务员,办事不利不行,一定要有结果。(2)第三句中出现了否定副词 hardly,意为“现实中的警探一般无法同时兼顾以上两点”请问王老师:这句从逻辑上讲,是否应该是含有转折呀?。【词汇】 (1) in accordance with 依照,与, 一致; 文中“ behave absolutely in acc
12、ordance with the law.”行为必须与法律一致,说白了就是要守法。(2)servants s ?:v?nt n. 仆人;服务员;(政府 )雇员,官员,公仆;(对神、事业等的)献身者名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - (3)break the rule违反规则请问王老师:根据前面behave absolutely in accordance with the law ,能否推断出这里的break th
13、e rule 指的是违法? 7 If the detective has to detective the world 状语从句大都可以略看,不看,特别是条件状语从句, the world often deceives him. 作者想讲的就是这句话Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. j And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepenedkby the simple-mindedness as he sees
14、 it of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, l who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. m The result, detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stared behind b
15、ars.形象地表示“坐牢”nThis makes them rather cynical.【详解】最后一段非常精彩,也有点难懂。不要去翻译,尝试的去理解意群及其逻辑关系。本段话中没有转折,没有原因,只有因果,递进,所以肯定重要的内容在最后,就是第5个意群。j 与 k 是因果关系, j 结果, kl 原因; mn也是 kl 的结果。j警探感觉自己与世界之间的隔阂被加深。k 他看到了由社会不同人群,尤其是司法人员表现出的一些没头脑的事情。请问王老师: k中原文是否应该改成上述划线部分的表述?原先的表述好像理解上有点困难,simples mindedness似乎应该是simples-mindedne
16、ss比较妥当,另搞不清it-if 是什么意思呀!如果有两个破折号断开更妥当吧!l没头脑的人做的事情:从轻惩罚犯人,希望他们悔改。m 警探 90%的时间在重新抓那些本来待在牢房里的人。n 警探变得愤世嫉俗。警察抓了的人被这些没有头脑的人又放出来,警察心里想: 天天让我抓人, 说我抓人办事不力,最后我天天重新抓那些被放出来的人,你们耍我啊?这个世界的人真是insincere 虚伪的,不诚实的,对应了deceive 欺骗 .【词汇】( 1)deceive disi:v vt.( 以虚假的外观或言论)欺骗,蒙蔽;对(配偶或情人 )不忠,背叛,背信;辜负(2)eliminateilimineit vt.
17、 消除,消灭;排除,不加以考虑;摆脱;体育 (比赛中 )淘汰(3)instead of代替;不是 , 而是, ;in the hope that 希望能,(4)reform rif ?:m v./n. 改革,改造,改良;革新,革除(弊端等 );重新组成;修订(法律等)(5)cynical sinik ?l a. 玩世不恭的,愤世嫉俗的;爱挖苦人的,爱嘲笑的1. A policeman has to be trained in criminal law because _D_.【解题步骤】名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
18、 - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - a.识别题型陈述句填空, because why?因果逻辑细节题b.找出题干关键词criminal law 刑法c.准确定位定位于第 2段的第二句He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. 警察指证一个人,定一个人的罪,需要依法找到证据。d.精读题干,弄清楚问的是什么?“警官需要在刑法方面精通的原因是”,其实这里是问“精通刑法的目
19、的是什么?”没有读懂题干,做题正确无从说起!【解析】A) he must work hard to help reform criminals. 文中无! reform criminals 这个概念第2 段中只字未提。选A 错在主观认为是为了改造犯人。细节题千万不能带有个人主观情感,原文是如何,就是如何!B) he must believe as professional lawyers do. 精通法律的目的是和律师一样专业吗?莫名其妙,逻辑混乱,答非所问的错误答案。C) he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committed
20、文中要求警官找到证据指证犯人,没有说要求时间地点when and where 的细节,无中生有!D) he must justify the arrests he makes of criminals.他必须让抓人是合法,合理的。与原文属于同义置换。justify 这个字很重要,MBA 翻译中考过,意为“证明, 正当(或有道理、合理)”2. What is the most suitable word that describes the work of a policeman according to the passage? C【解析】 细节 +简单推论题。 题目问“根据本文,下列哪个词语
21、最适合描述警察工作?”请问如此分析对吗?A) Dangerous 危险的文中没有提到!主观答题的同学会选B) Demanding 要求高的最大干扰项!文章在第二段出现过一处“He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer (辛苦啊! 要懂那么多的法律知识)and whats more, he has to apply it o
22、n his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.”同学们注意what s more 的前面似乎有点demanding 的感觉, 但要和律师一样懂法律,背诵那么多法律条文不是很辛苦吗?(再说了如果警察真和律师一样精通法律,还当什么警察呀!危险且收入不如律师),加上whats more 之后没有逻辑变化,没有发生转折,那就只有递进, 作者的意图是要强调whats more 后面的内容, 其后的内容深化了作者想说明名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - -
23、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 的对于警察工作生活的看法。文章其余地方对于警察的工作生活的描述只有pressures压力,辛苦,繁忙。C) Distressing 令人烦恼的,使人痛苦的正确答案D) Dramatic 戏剧化的首先排除,已经说过和drama 电视剧,戏剧不一样。3. According to the passage, policemen spend most of their time and efforts _C_.【解题步骤 】a.识别题型spe
24、nd time 后面空格 doing what ,陈述句填空细节题b.找出题干关键词most of their time 大部分时间做,c.定准确位定位于第 3、4、 5 段,每一段讲一个阶段,正好三个干扰项。d.精读题干,弄清楚问的是什么?“警察忙碌的内容是什么?”排除法!A) patrolling the street, rain or shine 街上巡逻弱智选项!B) tracking and arresting criminals 追踪犯人,抓犯人方向反!第4 段提到 little effort is spent on searching.注意这里的否定副词 little,杀手呀!C
25、) collecting and providing evidence 正确答案,第五段最后说到了He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.D) consulting the rules of law. 咨询法律文中无!文中没有提到警察花时间咨询法律。4. What s the policeman s biggest headache? A【解题步骤 】a.识别题型what-细节题b.找出提干关键词biggest headache最头疼的
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