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1、如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流Industry 4.0有关介绍文章2【精品文档】第 6 页Industry 4.0From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThe four industrial revolutionsIndustry 4.0,Industrie 4.0or thefourth, is the current trend ofand data exchange in manufacturing technologies. It includes, theand. Industry 4.0 creates what has been ca
2、lled a smart factory. Within the modular structured smart factories, cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world and make decentralized decisions. Over the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems communicate and cooperate with each other and with
3、 humans in real time, and via the Internet of Services, both internal and cross-organizational services are offered and used by participants of the. NameThe term Industrie 4.0 originates from a project in the high-tech strategy of the, which promotes theof manufacturing. Some have used the term four
4、th industrial revolution to refer to Industrie 4.0. The use of the term in current context typically involves the creation of a series of supposed revolutions. Such an account will typically claim the firstmobilised the mechanization of production using water and steam power; thethen introduced mass
5、 production with the help of, followed by theand the use of electronics and IT to further automate production. However, the term fourth industrial revolution has been applied to significant technological developments several times over the last 75 years The term Industrie 4.0 was revived in 2011 at
6、the. In October 2012 the Working Group on Industry 4.0 presented a set of Industry 4.0 implementation recommendations to the German federal government. The Industry 4.0 workgroup members are recognized as the founding fathers and driving force behind Industry 4.0.Industry 4.0 WorkgroupsCo-Chair Henn
7、ing Kagermann and Siegfired DaisWG 1 The Smart Factory: Manfred WittensteinWG 2 The Real Environment: Siegfried RusswurmWG 3 The Economic Environment: Stephan FischeWG 4 Human Beings and Work: Wolfgang WahlsterWG 5 The Technology Factor: Heinz DerenbachIndustry 4.0 Workgroup membersReinhold Achatz,
8、Heinrich Arnold, Klaus Trger, Johannes Helbig, Wolfram Jost, Peter Leibinger, Reinhard Floss, Volker Smid, Thomas Weber, Eberhard Veit, Christian Zeidler, Reiner Anderl, Michael Beigl, Manfred Brot, Werner Damm, Jrgen Gausemeier, Otthein Herzog, Fritz Klicke, Gunther Reinhart, Bernd Scholz-Reiter, B
9、ernhard Diener, Rainer Platz, Gisela Lanza, Karsten Ortenberg, Dieter Schwer, Ingrid Sehrbrock, Dieter Spatz, Ursula M. Staudinger, Andreas Geerdeter, Wolf-Dieter Lukas, Ingo Rhmann, Alexander Kettenborn and Clemens Zielinka.On 8 April 2013 at the Hannover Fair, the final report of the Working Group
10、 Industry 4.0 was presented. Design principlesThere are four design principles in Industry 4.0. These principles support companies in identifying and implementing Industry 4.0 scenarios. Interoperability: The ability of machines, devices, sensors, and people to connect and communicate with each othe
11、r via the Internet of Things (IoT) or the Internet of People (IoP). Information transparency: The ability of information systems to create a virtual copy of the physical world by enriching digital plant models with sensor data. This requires the aggregation of raw sensor data to higher-value context
12、 information. Technical assistance: First, the ability of assistance systems to support humans by aggregating and visualizing information comprehensibly for making informed decisions and solving urgent problems on short notice. Second, the ability of cyber physical systems to physically support huma
13、ns by conducting a range of tasks that are unpleasant, too exhausting, or unsafe for their human co-workers. Decentralized decisions: The ability of cyber physical systems to make decisions on their own and to perform their tasks as autonomous as possible. Only in case of exceptions, interferences,
14、or conflicting goals, tasks are delegated to a higher level.MeaningCurrent usage of the term has been criticised as essentially meaningless, in particular on the grounds that technological innovation is continuous and the concept of a revolution in technology innovation is based on a lack of knowled
15、ge of the details. Detailed characteristics of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in current discourse refer to the characteristics given for the German governments Industry 4.0 strategy - the strong customization of products under the conditions of highly flexibilized (mass-) production. The required
16、 automation technology is improved by the introduction of methods of self-optimization, self-configuration, self-diagnosis, cognition and intelligent support of workers in their increasingly complex work. The largest project in Industry 4.0 at the present time (July 2013) is theleading-edge cluster
17、Intelligent Technical Systems OstWestfalenLippe (its OWL). Another major project is the BMBF project RES-COM, as well as the Cluster of Excellence Integrative Production Technology for High-Wage Countries.In 2015, the European Commission started the internationalresearch project CREMA(Providing Clou
18、d-based Rapid Elastic Manufacturing based on the XaaS and Cloud model) as a major initiative to foster the Industry 4.0 topic.EffectsIn June 2013, consultancy firm McKinseyreleased an interview featuring an expert discussion between executives at Robert Bosch - Siegfried Dais (Partner of the Robert
19、Bosch Industrietreuhand KG) and Heinz Derenbach (CEO of Bosch Software Innovations GmbH) - and McKinsey experts. This interview addressed the prevalence of the Internet of Things in manufacturing and the consequent technology-driven changes which promise to trigger a new industrial revolution. At Bo
20、sch, and generally in Germany, this phenomenon is referred to as Industry 4.0. The basic principle of Industry 4.0 is that by connecting machines, work pieces and systems, businesses are creating intelligent networks along the entire value chain that can control each other autonomously.Some examples
21、 for Industry 4.0 are machines which can predict failures and trigger maintenance processes autonomously or self-organized logistics which react to unexpected changes in production.According to Dais, it is highly likely that the world of production will become more and more networked until everythin
22、g is interlinked with everything else. While this sounds like a fair assumption and the driving force behind the Internet of Things, it also means that the complexity of production and supplier networks will grow enormously. Networks and processes have so far been limited to one factory. But in an I
23、ndustry 4.0 scenario, these boundaries of individual factories will most likely no longer exist. Instead, they will be lifted in order to interconnect multiple factories or even geographical regions.There are differences between a typical traditional factory and an Industry 4.0 factory. In the curre
24、nt industry environment, providing high-end quality service or product with the least cost is the key to success and industrial factories are trying to achieve as much performance as possible to increase their profit as well as their reputation. In this way, various data sources are available to pro
25、vide worthwhile information about different aspects of the factory. In this stage, the utilization of data for understanding current operating conditions and detecting faults and failures is an important topic to research. e.g. in production, there are various commercial tools available to provide(O
26、EE) information to factory management in order to highlight theof problems and possible faults in the system. In contrast, in an Industry 4.0 factory, in addition to condition monitoring and fault diagnosis, components and systems are able to gain self-awareness and self-predictiveness, which will p
27、rovide management with more insight on the status of the factory. Furthermore, peer-to-peer comparison and fusion of health information from various components provides a precise health prediction in component and system levels and force factory management to trigger required maintenance at the best
28、 possible time to reach just-in time maintenance and gain near zero downtime. ChallengesChallenges which have been identified include IT security issues, which are greatly aggravated by the inherent need to open up those previously closed production shops Reliability and stability needed for critica
29、l machine-to-machine communication (M2M), including very short and stable latency times Need to maintain the integrity of production processes Need to avoid any IT snags, as those would cause expensive production outages Need to protect industrial knowhow (contained also in the control files for the
30、 industrial automation gear) Lack of adequate skill-sets to expedite the march towards fourth industrial revolution Threat of redundancy of the corporate IT department General reluctance to change by stakeholders loss of many jobs to automatic processes and IT-controlled processes, especially for lo
31、wer educated parts of societyRole of big data and analyticsModern information and communication technologies like Cyber-Physical Systems,orwill help predict the possibility to increase productivity, quality and flexibility within the manufacturing industry and thus to understand advantages within th
32、e competition.Big Data Analytics consists of 6Cs in the integrated Industry 4.0 and Cyber Physical Systems environment. The 6C system comprises:1. Connection (sensor and networks)2. Cloud (computing and data on demand)3. Cyber (model & memory)4. Content/context (meaning and correlation)5. Community
33、(sharing & collaboration)6. Customization (personalization and value)In this scenario and in order to provide useful insight to the factory management and gain correct content, data has to be processed with advanced tools (analytics and algorithms) to generate meaningful information. Considering the
34、 presence of visible and invisible issues in an industrial factory, the information generation algorithm has to be capable of detecting and addressing invisible issues such as machine degradation, component wear, etc. in the factory floor. Impact of Industry 4.0Proponents of the term claim the fourt
35、h industrial revolution will affect many areas, most notably:1. Services and Business Models2. Reliability and continuous productivity3. IT security4. Machine safety5. Product lifecycles6. Industry value chain7. Workers Education and skills8. Socio-economic9. Industry Demonstration: To help industry understand the impact of Industry 4.0, Cincinnati Mayor, John Cranley, signed a proclamation to state Cincinnati to be Industry 4.0 Demonstration City.10. A recent article suggests that Industry 4.0 may have a beneficial effects for developing countries like India.
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