Lesson 34-37(29页).doc
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1、-Lesson 34 Quick work 破案“神速”课文详注 Further notes on the text1Dan Robinson has been worried all week. 丹鲁宾逊焦虑了整整一个星期。worried 在这里可以当成是形容词,表示“焦虑的”、“担心的”。worry 也可以作及物动词,表示“使担心/发愁”等:She appears to be worried by/ about something.好像有什么事使她发愁。(用于被动语态时,过去分词与形容词意义差不多)2the local police,当地警察局。local 可以表示“地方性的”或“当地的”
2、、“本地的”:a local newspaper 地方性报纸local news 本地新闻 local shops邻近的商店3Dan wondered why he was wanted by the police丹奇怪警察为什么找他(1) wonder表示“想知道”时后面往往跟疑问词引导的从句:She wondered who that man was/ what had happened. 她想知道那个人是谁/到底发生了什么事。(2) want用于被动语态时可以表示“想与(某人见面、谈话等)”或“缉拿”、“追捕”:Please wait a minute. Im wanted on the
3、 phone.请等一下。有我的电话。This is the man (who is) wanted by the police.这就是警察在追捕的那个人。4a smiling policeman ,一位面带笑容的警察。smiling 为现在分词,作定语,其作用相当于形容词。还可以说:a sleeping dog 一只睡着的狗 a worried face 一张焦虑的脸5Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. 那位警察对
4、他说,那辆自行车是5天前在400英里外的一个小村里发现的。(1)这句话实际上是一个间接引语(cf第15课语法),其正常语序应为: The policeman told him that five days ago the bicycle was picked up语序变化后,the policeman told him成了插入成分,引导从句的that也被省略,引述的部分被分割成两部分。(2) four hundred miles away修饰 village,相当于从句 which was four hundred miles away。(3) pick up的含义之一为“(偶然地、无意地)获
5、得”、“找到”、“学会”:Ive picked up a bad cold.我得了重感冒。I picked up some French while traveling in Paris.在巴黎游览期间我学了几句法语。He picked up the book in a small library.他在一个小图书馆发现了那本书。6It is now being sent to his home by train现在正用火车给他运回家来。这句话是被动语态用于现在进行时,其结构为“am/is/are+ be-ing+过去分词”(cf第10课语法):The clavichord is being r
6、epaired by a friend of myfathers.父亲的一个朋友正在修理这架古钢琴。语法 Grammar in use在第10课的语法中,我们学习了被动语态的基本形式。一般说来,无论是主动语态还是被动语态,句子的主语往往是说话者认为比较重要或想要强调的。如果说话人想避免用不明确的词(如 someone, a person等)作主语,就常常使用被动语态。在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,既可以让动词用被动语态而不定式用主动语态,也可以让不定式用被动语态:Someone told Mary to meet us.有人通知玛丽来接我们。(主语不明确)词汇学习 Word study1与c
7、all有关的短语动词动词call与不同的小品词连用可以构成意义不同的短语动词。(1)call at表示“对(某个人家或地方)进行短暂访问”:He calls at every house in the street once a month.每月对这条街的每户人家光顾一次。He was asked to call at the police station.他被告知去警察局一趟。(2)call on 表示“拜访”、“探望”:Have you called on George recently?你最近去看过乔治吗?(3)call out表示“大声叫喊”:Some people on the ba
8、nk called out to the man in the boat.岸上的一些人对着小船上的那人高喊。(4)call up在美国英语中表示“打电话(给某人)”:Jane called me up the other day.前几天,简给我打过电话。If you want my help, just call up.你如果需要我的帮助,来个电话就行。(5) call off 可以表示“取消(某项活动)”:For some reason, they have called off the party / the meeting.由于某种原因,他们把晚会/会议取消了。2most(1)adj用于
9、最高级,表示“最”:This is the most beautiful can/ garden Ive even seen.这是我见过的最漂亮的车/花园。The most intelligent girl in this class is Jane. 这个班上最聪明的姑娘是简。(2)adj大多数的,大部分的:Most doctors dont smoke.大多数医生不吸烟。Most women have to stay at home in this country.在这个国家大部分妇女都呆在家里。(3)adv非常,很(相当于very,但通常用于表达主观感情、见解等):This is a m
10、ost interesting/ exciting story.这是个非常有趣/激动人心的故事。(说话者的观点)Dan was most surprised when he heard the news.丹听到这个消息后,惊奇万分。lesson 34i went to the police 我去警察局have a quick mealquick freeze速冻local new :当地新闻local police 当地警察局local color 当地色彩local people 当地人native 土著人(土生土长的)local call 市话call at(some place)call
11、 on ask/tell/expect/want/allow sb to do sth 请求某人做某事he was told that.someone told him that.call on拜访call (sb) up给某人打电话一旦一个词可以省略而意思不改,这个词可能是副词,如果宾语是代词,后面的词组由动词和副词组成,代词一定会放在中间call on you/call you up go to the pictures 去看电影call off 取消call out 大声喊call at 去了某地Lesson 35 Stop thief! 捉贼!课文详注 Further notes on
12、 the text1A short while ago, however, he became a bus driver and be has not regretted it然而就在前不久,他开上了公共汽车,也并不为此而感到后悔。(1)while作名词表示“一会儿”、“(一段)时间”时常与a连用,有时也与the,this等连用:They havent seen each other for a long while.他们有很长时间没见面了。Have you been in Australia all this while?这段时间你一直在澳大利亚吗?I saw her a short whi
13、le ago.我刚才还见到她了。2far more exciting,令人兴奋得多。在形容词和副词的比较级与最高级前面,可以用far(相当于much)来表示强调:Its for/ much colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天要冷得多。Houses are far/ much more expensive these days.如今的房价贵多了。This is(by) far the most expensive bicycle in the shop.这是这家商店里最贵的自行车。(比其他的要贵好多)3 saw two thieves rush o
14、ut of a shop and run towards a waiting car看到两个小偷从一家商店里冲出来,奔向等在那里的一辆汽车。(1) see和其他一些感知动词(如 feel, hear,notice, smell, watch 等)可以用在动词+名词或代词宾语+不带to的不定式结构中;I saw him climb through the window.我看见他爬进窗户。这些动词的宾语相当于不定式的主语,上句即:I saw that he climbed through the window. 在课文中的这句话中,rush和run是two thieves的两个连续的动作。(2)
15、waiting为现在分词作定语,表示“等待着的”、“等在那里的”。4The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag拿钱的那个小偷吓得把提包都扔了。(1)with 表示“带着”、“拿着”。(2) such(a)+名词+ that与 so+形容词+ that一样,后面引导的是结果状语从句,通常译为“如此以致”:They are such wonderful players that they will surely win the game.他们都是如此出色的运动员,所以肯定能在这场比赛中获胜。5As the thi
16、eves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. 当那两个小偷企图乘车逃跑时,罗伊驾驶他的公共汽车撞在了那辆车的后尾上。(1)短语动词 get away 的含义之一为“逃跑”、“逃脱”:How did the thief get away? 小偷是如何逃掉的?(2)句尾的it指小偷的那辆小汽车; back 指车的“后部”、“尾部”;drive into 的原义为“把(汽车)开进”,这里是指撞上。6the battered car,那辆被撞坏的车。battered 为过去分词,作定语
17、,相当于 the car which was battered。类似的有 a broken window等。语法 Grammar in use复习一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和被动语态(cf第26课、第27课、第 28课、第 31课与第 34课语法)一般现在时通常用于表示目前的状况或动作以及习惯性的动作;一般过去时则指过去某个时间所做的动作,不强调与现在的关系;词组used to只能用于过去时,表示过去有过而现在已没有的习惯等;现在完成时通常指过去发生的但与现在有联系的动作。这几种时态在一定的上下文中可以同时出现:John hasnt recognised that woman yet.
18、 Do you recognise her?约翰还没有认出那位妇女。你能认出她吗?词汇学习 Word study1rush(1)vi冲,奔:Two thieves rushed out of a shop.两个小偷从一家商店里冲了出来。While I was talking to Frank, a man rushed into the room我正和弗兰克谈话时,一个人冲进了房间。(2)vt,vi仓促行事,仓促完成;赶紧做:Roy rushed (through) his lunch and left for the station.罗伊匆匆吃完午饭就去车站了。Tom always rush
19、es his homework on Sunday evenings.总是星期天晚上做他家庭作业。(3)n猛冲,奔:Roy made a rush at the thieves.罗伊冲向小偷们。2straight(1)adj直的,笔直的:He drew a straight line on the paper.他在纸上画了一条直线。This road isnt straight.这条路不直。(2) adv笔直地:He walked straight on.他一直往前走。Youll see a tower straight ahead.你会看到正前方有个塔。(3)adv径直地,直接地:John
20、always goes straight home after work.约翰下班后总是直接回家。Roy drove the bus straight at the thieves.罗伊开车直冲窃贼而去。3such与sosuch和so都可以用于表示程度,但so 只能作副词和连词,such则是形容词,因此so通常位于形容词、副词之前,而such只能位于名词之前:引导结果状语从句时,它们的结构分别为“such+(a)+名词+that”和“so+ 形容词+that”:It was such a cold evening that no one went out.那天晚上太冷了,所以谁也没有出门。It
21、 was so cold that no one went out.天太冷了,所以谁也没有出门。such 除了表示“这样的”、“如此的”等意思外,还可以表示“像这一类的”, so则不能表示后一种意思:He often talks about such things.他经常谈论这类事。lesson 35while :some timewait for a while等一会儿 隔了一会儿after a whileregret sth you will regret it你会后悔的,你一定会后悔的regret to do:很遗憾要去做 regret doing很遗憾已经做i regret to te
22、ll you a bad news我很遗憾要告诉你一个坏消息i regret telling him the news我真后悔告诉他这个消息i regret to steal your moneyregret that遗憾:pity、sorry、regretpity n. its a pitysorry adj. i am sorryregret v.比较级前可以加修饰词,表示程度多一点点用a little,多很多用muchfarmuch,修饰形容词或副词的比较级rush(用腿)冲 run 跑(速度很快)take action 采取行动go straight on径直往前走frighten:惊
23、吓frightening :令人感到可怕的frightened:自己感到可怕的frightfulterrible可怕your handwriting is frightful你的字真糟糕cold is frightful寒冷是可怕的一个动词能够加ing/ed,证明这个动词跟人的情感有关,他的宾语就会是人this doesnt worry my you frighten me get a fright得到惊吓的感觉,类似get a surprise i get a fright我吓了一跳 you give me a fright你吓了我一跳batter v 动词ed:被battered:lose
24、 ones shape 被撞变形的damaged:被刮坏的destroyed car车子被损害不能修damaged car车子坏了能修battered car 车变形battered bag破旧不堪的包shortly afterwards不久以后soon shortlysoon afterwardslater后来,以后however1、可以放句首,可以放句中2、如果一个词两边有逗好,证明这个词是插入语see sb do sth看见某人做某事(强调全过程)see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事i see them dance i see them dancing hear sb doing
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