研究生基础综合英语邱东林版课文中英对照加课后习题答案.docx
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1、Unit One:EducationText:In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas wont look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover tha
2、t these graduates are semiliterate. 今年,将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。这些文凭对每个人都是一样的 ,没有一点差异, 而不管学生的成果如何.但当雇主发觉他们没有实际实力时,文凭的有效性就会被质疑。 Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high s
3、chool graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system. 即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方,像我教语法和写作的地方。在这里,高中毕业和高中辍学的学生为了追求等价的毕业证书必需学习他们本应当在学校学习的东西。他们会发觉自己
4、被我们的教化系统所欺瞒。 As I teach,I learn a lot about our schools.Early in each session I ask my students to write about an unpleasant experience they had in school . No writers block here! “ I wish someone would have had made me stop doing drugs and made me study .” ”I liked to party and no one seemed to car
5、e .” “I was a good kid and didnt cause any trouble,so they just passed me along even though I didnt read well and couldnt write.” And so on. 当我教他们的时候,我从我们的课堂上学到了很多。在每次开班,首先我会让学生写一下关于他们在学校的一次很不开心的经验。每个学生都会有这样的经验。有人说:“我盼望有一个人可以使我停顿吸毒,让我好好学习。”;有人说:“我喜爱聚会,但似乎没有人留意过我”;有人说:“我是一个好孩子,没有制造过任何费事。所以尽管学习不好,考试还是
6、让我通过。”等等。 I am your basic do-gooder, and prior to teaching this class I blamed the poor academic skills our kids have today on drugs ,divorce and other impediments to concentration necessary for doing well in school. But ,as I rediscover each time I walk into the classroom ,before a teacher can expe
7、ct students to concentrate ,he has to get their attention ,no matter what distractions may be at hand .There are many ways to do this ,and they have much to do with teaching style .However , if style alone wont do it,there is another way to show who holds the winning hand in the classroom. That is t
8、o reveal the trump card of teacher . 我是教过这个班级的先届教师和他们最初级的改进者。我痛斥那些拙劣的教学方式,以致于今日我们的孩子们陷入吸毒,离婚和其他使他们不能专注于学习的困扰。但是,当我每次走进教室都会发觉的是,在一名教师期望可以引起学生的留意之前,他已经吸引了学生的留意,而不管面临什么样的干扰。有很多方式可以做到这一点,并且教师们在教学风格方面还亟待改进。然而,假设教学风格不能做到这点,还有另一种方法使你成为教室里的导引者,那就是运用教师的杀手锏。 I will never forget a teacher who played that card
9、to get the attention of one of my children. Our youngest,a world-class charmer ,did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by until Mrs.Stifter became his teacher . 我恒久都忘不了那位曾用她独特的方式来吸引我儿子留意力的那位教师。我最小的儿子后来成为了世界级魔术师,但在Stifter 女士成为他的教师之前,学习总是不怎么努力却总能过关,直到Stifter 女士当了他的教师,这种场面就变更了。 O
10、ur son was a high school senior when he had her for English. “He sits in the back of the room talking to his friends ,” she told me . “Why dont you move him to the front row ” I urged, believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs.Stifter looked at me steely-eyed over her glasses.”I
11、dont move seniors ,”she said. “I flunk them.I was flustered. Our sons academic life flashed before my eyes.No teacher had ever threatened him weth that before . 当她教我们儿子英语的时候我们儿子还是一个高中生。她对我说:“你们儿子总是坐在教室后面和他的挚友说话。”我敦促她说“为什么你不把他调到前排”, 信任他坐在前排被那么多人看着就会好好学习。Stifter女士用坚毅的眼神通过她的眼镜看着我说:“我不会为他们调位,他们已经是高中生了,我
12、让他们不及格。”我很惊慌。I regained my composure and managed to say that I thought she was right . By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this .It was a radical approach for these times .but ,well ,why not “Shes going to flunk you,”I told my son. I did not discuss it any further. Suddenly Englis
13、h became a priority in his life. He finished out the semester with an A.我们儿子的学术生涯从我的眼前一闪而过。在这之前从没有教师威逼过他。我复原了安静,也认为她做的是对的。当回到家时我对这个方式感觉很好。它是一个好的激降法。为什么不这样做呢?于是我告知我的儿子:“她打算让你不基格。”我其它什么也没说。突然英语在他的生活中处于优先地位。他这个学期的成果竟然得了一个A。 I know one example doesnt make a case,but at night I see a parade of students w
14、ho are angry and resentful for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of average intelligence or better,they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish.”I should have been held back” is a comment I hear frequently.Even sadder are those stude
15、nts who are high school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class,”I dont know how I ever got a high school diploma.” 我知道一个例子虽然不能充分说明全部,但是在晚上我看到满是生气和怨恨的游行学生,由于被无视掉,他们甚至不能再这样假装的忍受下去。即使智力一般的或更好的学生, 由于认为他们太笨,而使他们最终退学。“我应当被留下”是我听到的最常见的话。更令人悲伤的是,那些高中毕业生过了几周对我说:“我不知道我曾经是怎么获得了一个高中毕业证。” Passing stu
16、dents who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills.We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids cant learn if they come from terrible environments.No one seems to stop to think that-no matter what environments they come from-most kids don
17、t put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at stake.Theyd rather be sailing. 让一个对自己的学业都没驾驭好的学生毕业,不仅欺瞒了他们自己,也欺瞒了那些认为毕业生们都驾驭了根本技能的雇主们 。我们可以对这个不诚恳的行为辩白说,孩子们不能学习是因为他们四周的环境太糟糕。似乎没有人停下来思索过这个问题无论孩子们来自什么环境,大部分孩子并不会把学业放在第一位,除非他们意识到这种做法有确定风险。他们宁愿同流合污。Many students I see at night could
18、give expert testimony on unemployment,chemical dependency,abusive relationships.In spite of these for a better job or the need to hang on to the one theyve got.They have a healthy fear of failure.我在夜校看到的学生的状况被辞退、对毒品的依靠和家庭暴力等 可以给出有力的证明。尽管有这样很多的困难,他们依旧把承受教化放在优先的位置,他们被他们心里的盼望鼓励着,或是出于要找到一份好的工作,或是出于对保持现有
19、工作的需要。他们对失败都有一个安康的心理。People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. Young people generally dont have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. But fear of failure, whether economic or academic ,can motivate both.全部年龄段的人都能克
20、制他们的问题,但他们需要一个这样做的理由。年轻人通常不像我的那些成年的学生一样有一个成熟的心态去对待教化 。但是对失败的胆怯,可以鼓励他们,无论是在经济上或是学术上。Flunking as a regular policy has just as much merit today as it did two generations ago.We must review the threat offlunking and see it as it really isa postive teaching tool.It is an expression of confidence by both
21、tecahers and parents that the students have the ability to learn the material presented to them.However,making it work again would take adedicated,caring conspiracy betwwen teachers and parents. It would mean that teachers would have to follow through on their threats, and parents would have to stan
22、d behind them, knowing their childrens best interests are indeed at stake. This means no more doing Scotts assignments for him because he might fail. No more passing Jodi because shes such a nice kid. 考试不让通过作为一个策略,具有很多优点无论是在如今还是在两个世纪以前。我们在看到他的危急之外,必需看到这确实是一个主动的教化工具。教师和家长应当对此具有信念,即学生完全有实力学会你所给他的东西。然而
23、,要让其重新行之有效必需要做出一些奉献,教师和家长应当合作起来。这将意味着两者都必需要正视这个现实中的逆境让不学习的学生通过,可以避开短时的哀思,但却注定了他们长期的无知。这意味着教师们在理解了他的危害之后必需要坚持究竟,并且家长们在理解了他们孩子的最终利益受到危害之后必需坚决的站在教师的这一边。这意味着,不再替Scott做作业是因为这样会给他带来失败,不让Scott通过是因为他是一个如此优秀的孩子。This is a policy that worked in the past and can work today. A wise teacher, with the support of h
24、is parents, gave our son the opportunity to succeed-or fail . Its time we returned this choice to all students.这是一个在过去和如今都行之有效的方法。一个聪明的教师,在家长们的支持下,要给我们的孩子时机胜利或失败。如今是时间让我们重新回到这个选择了。 Text B:Essence of Education教化的本质 Robery W. Tracinki The essence of education is the teaching of facts and reasoning ski
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