LiteratureReview (Sample 1)文献综述(10页).doc
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1、-Literature Review (Sample 1)文献综述-第 10 页Literature Review C12 英语(1) X X X Tess of the DUrbervilles is generally regarded as Tomas Hardys finest novel. Since its publication in 1891, it has encountered considerable concern in literary criticism. Among these numerous essays dwelling on Tess, most crit
2、icisms and interpretations focus on probing into the root of Tesss tragedy. These scholars ponder Tesss tragedy from various perspectives and give a multitude of interpretations on this topic. But no one can exhaust such a great work,there is still much room for further consideration about Tesss tra
3、gedy. Through several months efforts in searching, collecting and reading an abundance of scholars and professors literature concerning causes of tragedy of Tess, I have learned much and gained a lot of data and create the following essay which summons up the essence of the literature. 1 Analyses of
4、 Objective Factors in Tesss Tragedy.The Age Characteristic and the Rebel in Tess of the DUrbervilles A Feminine Decoding on Tess of the DUrbervilles by Jiang Lu introduces the economic background of the story. Jiang states that the story of Tess happened during the late half of 19th century, which w
5、itnessed the decline and destruction of the English peasantry. It was an age of transition and great social upheavals. With the development of capitalism, England was slowly developing from its former state of a mainly agricultural country to its new condition of a primarily industrial society, beca
6、use of which the traditional self-sufficient society order in the country was broken. Helplessly confronted with the change, the country villagers were deprived of their lands, houses and other possessions. Then, in possession of few things they were forced to immigrate away from their accustomed la
7、nd and to be employed as farm workers. Therefore, country peasants were inflicted tragically by the industrial development. This part clearly demonstrates the economic situation of the farmer at Victorian age which is quite beneficial to my paper.An Ecofeminist Reading of Thomas Hardys Tess of the D
8、Urbervilles by Yu Kun discusses the tragedy of Tess from the perspective of Ecofeminism, this paper practically explores the close relationship between women and nature and womens tragic fate as the result of industrialization and patriarchal society, which helps me understand Tesss tragedy from a n
9、ew angle. It points out that at the late Victorian Age when industrialization began to encroach upon the countryside rapidly and capitalism developed further, the peasants lost their land and many of them were impoverished. Tesss family, without exception, was poverty-stricken, which turned out to b
10、e the very root of her tragedy. Tess, impelled by the economic pressure from her family, had to go to claim kindred with prosperous DUrbervilles family where she met evil Alec who deprived of her virginity; and it was her poor family that made Tess return to Alec. Besides, the society in the Victori
11、an period was a man-dominated society, woman had to suffer the injustices of man-made law, the law by which man and woman were not equally treated in terms of morality. Angel who set a double moral standard for man and woman certainly couldnt conceive of a relationship of equality with Tess. He coul
12、dnt forgive Tess for her lost of virginity although he himself had dissipated past. Thus he finally abandoned Tess because of her “impurity”, which gave Tess a fatal blow. The Connotation and Characteristic of “Angels in House” in Victorian Period of England by Zeng Yayin demonstrates perfect womens
13、 image in peoples mind in Victorian period. It says that a traditional Victorian woman is supposed to be a perfect woman. First, they should be gentle, graceful and charming, that is to keep an attractive appearance. Second, they should be submissive. They were taught to be sympathetic, gentle and c
14、onsiderable to other people. And the most important thing was to be submissive to their father or brothers, and after being married, their submission turned to their husbands. Third, they should have pure bodies. Traditionally, virginity was worshipped as a symbol of honor for an unmarried woman. It
15、 was very important for a younger woman to be a virgin before marriage and be loyal to her husband after she married him, and virginity was a girls virtue and value as well. Fourth, home was her whole world. She should sacrifice herself for her husband and the family. Taking care of the family and m
16、aking the home healthy and comfortable was undoubtedly all her duty. Besides, they were economically dependent, what they should do was to stay at home which was the shelter for them, and to seek for support and protection from them, so marriage was pretty much their best choice. All in all, the idl
17、e Victorian woman should be devoted, pure both mentally and physically and submissive. This paper gives me a general idea of the image of women in Victorian period, which will help me a lot in my paper.Analysis of Tragedy of Tess by Tang Xuan points out that Tess is a typical female tragedy, conside
18、ring the convention and the bourgeois morality of her time. The last years of the nineteenth century were the Victorian period. Victorian morality imposed rigid norm on women, which demanded women to be pure. The loss of virginity was a fatal blow to Tess as she was turned against and crushed by the
19、 social convention. It was a man-dominated society, in which woman had to suffer the injustices of man-made law, the law by which man and woman were not equally treated in terms of morality and the use of double standard in sexual matters was the essential feature of the Victorian society. This was
20、why Tess, being violated by Alec, unfairly suffered from being morally and socially spurned and punished while Alec remained free from any social reprimands. What is more, according to the Victorian customs, a man could live a dissipating life as he had once done while a woman could not. This double
21、 standard for man and woman made it impossible for Angel who was dominated by the conventional social custom and the bourgeois view of morality to forgive Tess. This part helps get a better idea of the impact of social convention and morality on Tesss tragedy.The Ruin of a Pure Woman Analyses of the
22、 Tragedy of Tess by Zhou Hong says that Tess is the victim of capitalist law and hypocritical religion. It states that Alec dared to do evil at his pleasure not only because he was a man of money and power, but also because he was under the protection of bourgeois law which was employed as a tool to
23、 rule ordinary people and was always at bourgeois interest. According to the law, it was ironic that the man who seduced Tess was justified while Tess who suffered damage was sinful. Oppressed by so strong social prejudice, Tess was deprived of the right to protect herself and forced to accept the u
24、nfair treatment imposed on her. Thus, she was doomed to be a victim of power and violence. Besides, hypocritical religion was also closely related to Tesss tragedy. In capitalist society, religion was just used as a tool to lull and enslave people. When Tess met Alec again, to Tesss astonishment , A
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