TED如何在六个月内学好一门语言 演讲稿(6页).doc
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1、-TED如何在六个月内学好一门语言 演讲稿-第 11 页TEDx-Learn Any Language 6 MonthsChris LonsdaleHave you ever held a question in mind for so long that it becomes part of how you think? Maybe even part of who you are as a person? Well Ive had a question in my mind for many, many years and that is: how can you speed up lea
2、rning? Now, this is an interesting question because if you speed up learning you can spend less time at school. And if you learn really fast, you probably wouldnt have to go to school at all.Now, when I was young, school was sort of okay but I found quite often that school got in the way of learning
3、 so I had this question in mind: how do you learn faster? And this began when I was very, very young, when I was about eleven years old I wrote a letter to researchers in the Soviet Union, asking about hypnopaedia, this is sleep learning, where you get a tape recorder, you put it beside your bed and
4、 it turns on in the middle of the night when youre sleeping, and youre supposed to be learning from this.A good idea, unfortunately it doesnt work. But, hypnopaedia did open the doors to research in other areas and weve had incredible discoveries about learning that began with that first question. I
5、 went on from there to become passionate about psychology and I have been involved in psychology in many ways for the rest of my life up until this point. In 1981 I took myself to China and I decided that I was going to be native level in Chinese inside two years.Now, you need to understand that in
6、1981, everybody thought Chinese was really, really difficult and that a westerner could study for ten years or more and never really get very good at it. And I also went in with a different idea which was: taking all of the conclusions from psychological research up to that point and applying them t
7、o the learning process. What was really cool was that in six months I was fluent in Mandarin Chinese and took a little bit longer to get up to native. But I looked around and I saw all of these people from different countries struggling terribly with Chinese, I saw Chinese people struggling terribly
8、 to learn English and other languages, and so my question got refined down to: how can you help a normal adult learn a new language quickly, easily and effectively?Now this a really, really important question in todays world. We have massive challenges with environment we have massive challenges wit
9、h social dislocation, with wars, all sorts of things going on and if we cant communicate were really going to have difficulty solving these problems. So we need to be able to speak each others languages, this is really, really important.The question then is how do you do that. Well, its actually rea
10、lly easy. You look around for people who can already do it, you look for situations where its already working and then you identify the principles and apply them. Its called modelling and Ive been looking at language learning and modelling language learning for about fifteen to twenty years now.And
11、my conclusion, my observation from this is that any adult can learn a second language to fluency inside six months. Now when I say this, most people think Im crazy, this is not possible. So let me remind everybody of the history of human progress, its all about expanding our limits.In 1950 everybody
12、 believed that running one mile in four minutes was impossible and then Roger Bannister did it in 1956 and from there its got shorter and shorter. 100 years ago everybody believed that heavy stuff doesnt fly. Except it does and we all know this. How does heavy stuff fly? We reorganise the materials
13、using principles that we have learned from observing nature, birds in this case. And today weve gone ever further, so you can fly a car. You can buy one of these for a couple hundred thousand US dollars. We now have cars in the world that can fly. And theres a different way to fly that weve learned
14、from squirrels. So all you need to do is copy what a flying squirrel does, build a suit called a wing suit and off you go, you can fly like a squirrel.No, most people, a lot of people, I wouldnt say everybody but a lot of people think they cant draw. However there are some key principles, five princ
15、iples that you can apply to learning to draw and you can 2 actually learn to draw in five days. So, if you draw like this, you learn these principles for five days and apply them and after five days you can draw something like this. Now I know this is true because that was my first drawing and after
16、 five days of applying these principles that was what I was able to do. And I looked at this and I went wow, so thats how I look like when Im concentrating so intensely that my brain is exploding. So, anybody can learn to draw in five days and in the same way, with the same logic, anybody can learn
17、a second language in six months.How: there are five principles and seven actions. There may be a few more but these are absolutely core. And before I get into those I just want to talk about two myths, dispel two myths. The first is that you need talent. Let me tell you about Zoe. Zoe came from Aust
18、ralia, went to Holland, was trying to learn Dutch, struggling a great deal and finally people were saying: youre completely useless, youre not talented, give up, youre a waste of time and she was very, very depressed. And then she came across these five principles, she moved to Brazil and she applie
19、d them and within six months she was fluent in Portuguese, so talent doesnt matter.People also think that immersion in a new country is the way to learn a language. But look around Hong Kong, look at all the westerners whove been here for ten years, who dont speak a word of Chinese. Look at all the
20、Chinese living in America, Britain, Australia, Canada have been there ten, twenty year and they dont speak any English. Immersion per se doesnt not work, why? Because a drowning man cannot learn to swim. When you dont speak a language youre like a baby and if you drop yourself into a context which i
21、s all adults talking about stuff over your head, you wont learn.So, what are the five principles that you need to pay attention to; first: the four words, attention, meaning, relevance and memory, and these interconnect in very important ways. Especially when youre talking about learning. Come with
22、me on a journey through a forest. You go on a walk through a forest and you see something like this. Little marks on a tree, maybe you pay attention, maybe you dont. You go another fifty metres and you see this. You should be paying attention. Another fifty metres, if you havent been paying attentio
23、n, you see this.And at this point, youre paying attention. And youve just learned that this is important, its relevant because it means this, and anything that is related, any information related to your survival is stuff that youre going to pay attention to and therefore youre going to remember it.
24、 If its related to your personal goals then youre going to pay attention to it, if its relevant youre going to remember it. So, the first rule, the first principle for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevant to you. Which brings us to tools. We master tool by using tools an
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