GMAT曼哈顿语法总结(70页).docx
《GMAT曼哈顿语法总结(70页).docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《GMAT曼哈顿语法总结(70页).docx(70页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、-GMAT曼哈顿语法总结-第 70 页GMAT曼哈顿语法总结(自己手打总结)为了给逻辑和阅读题目留出更多的时间,每道语法题目最好在1分半到1分钟之内完成。需要运用split法进行排除。句首和句尾是split的关键,否则就没必要划线了。第二章 语法和语义GMAT句子改错最重要的是语义和语法。语义是句子作者的intended meaning.这种original intended meaning才是句子的真实句义。任何改变句义的选项都是错误的,语义是最最最重要的,通过语法来判断句义是辅助的,所以不能拘泥于语法,而是通过句义来判断作者的原意。所以,可以通过逻辑来找句义,而通过语法来排除那些特别错误的
2、选项。One of your tasks is to choose the answer choice that transmits the authors intent as clearly as possible. Dont alter the authors intent when you make your choice! (如果句子原文的句义没有错的话,则不能改变句义)Aggravate aggravatingKnown as known to be Loss of loss inMandate have a mandateNative of native to Range of r
3、anging Rate of rates forRise raiseTry to do try doing 区别以上词汇的含义区别句子里任何一个小词的改变,比如虚拟词汇的改变,或者词的位置的改变都会改变句子的含义,所以一定要细细体会这些“小词”的含义。Will: certainMay: uncertainMust: absolutely necessaryShould: morally obligated (on the GMAT, should almost always means “morally obligation”, not likelihood)Would: hypothetic
4、alPay attention to the original sentences helping verbsand only change them if the original sentence is obviously nonsensical.句子中任何一个词的位置的变化也会改变句子的含义:All the children are covered in mud.The children are all covered in mud.Only the council votes on Thursdays.The council votes only on Thursdays.If a w
5、ord changes its position in the answer choices, consider whether the change has an impact on the meaning of the sentence. Look out especially for short words that quantify nouns or otherwise restrict meaningThe council granted the right to make legal petitions to city officials.(有歧义,改成:The council g
6、ranted CITY OFFICIALS the right to make legal petitions. Or The right to make legal petitions to CITY OFFICIALS was granted by the council. 句子含义一定要合乎逻辑(we must remember that the subject and the verb must make sense together)句子含义:避免多余(no right answer on the GMAT will contain redundant words)比较常见的多余的形
7、式是使用同一含义的词,比如:The value of the stock rose by 10% increase.应改为:The value of the stock increase by 10%,or the value of the stock rose by 10%.再如:The three prices sum to a total of $11.56应改为:The three prices sum to $11.56. Or The three prices total $11.56表示时间的词汇:要注意一句话中只能出现一次表示同一含义的词,如果还要出现,则必须要有道理才行。(P
8、ure redundancy is always wrong on the GMAT)Past: previously, formerly, in the past, before nowPresent: now, currently, presently, at presentYearly: annual each year, a year简洁原则:Concision is preference on SC problems. However, some people are better off never applying it on the GMAT)自己总结:从逻辑找句义,从语法判断
9、句子是否正确书写,简洁原则是最后关注的),一切都服从句义。Problem set1. How matter how much work it may require, getting MBA turns out to be a wise investment for most people (correct, 但是不太明白那个it代表什么)2. Even though it requires much work, getting MBA turns out to be a wise investment for most people(incorrect, 因为它改变了句子的原意)3. She
10、 is the most dedicated gardener on the block, every day watering the more than 50 plants in her yard.(correct, more than修饰50 plants in her yard) 4. She is the most dedicated gardener on the block, every day watering more than the 50 plants in her yard.(incorrect, more than 修饰the 50 plants in her yar
11、d,隐含的意思是除了给50浇水之外,还给其他东西浇水,改变了句子的含义)5. Hector remembers San Francisco as it was when he left ten years ago.(correct,不太明白这句话的含义) 6.Students at Carver High School are encouraged to pursue only those extracurricular activities from which stems success in college applications.(correct,个人认为是倒装,详细见第三章的fli
12、p it) 7. Students at Carver High School are encouraged to pursue only those extracurricular activities from which success in college applications stems.(correct, flip it)第三章 主语和谓语的一致任何一个句子里,主语和谓语必须在逻辑上和语义上都是make sense的一、 一个句子中主语和谓语必须都有,否则为fragment:GMAT错误句子常见方式:1. drop the verbs: The electron named i
13、n 1894.2. 连词开头且没有主句:because the dog was never mine二、 主语和谓语必须合理make senseThe development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.(incorrect)Once developed, a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be abl
14、e to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.(correct)三、 主语和谓语必须在数量上一致GMAT often tries to confuse you before you make the subject-verb match.如何找句子中的主语呢:1. eliminate the middlemen, and skip the warmupGMAT hides the subject in a few ways: the most common way by far is to insert words between the su
15、bject and the verb:介词短语:(Near Galway), the houses (on the road to Spiddle) are gorgeous.从句:(like prepositions phrases, many subordinate clauses modify other parts of the sentence, acting as big adj or big adv. Some subordinate clauses even act as big nouns)(When the auditors left), the executive (wh
16、o had been interviewed) was glad.其他修饰语:例如现在分词,过去分词等修饰语,往往利用逗号可以很好的找到修饰语。(Limping,) the horse (once considered one of the favorites) was taken away. 2.利用结构来判断主语 A noun in a prepositional phrase can not be the subject of the sentence.(后文有例外) In the waning days of the emperors life, the conquest (of ne
17、w lands on the borders of the empire) was considered vital. The tidal forces (to which an object falling into a black hole is subjected) are sufficient to tear the object apart. 3. And vs. Additive phrases 只有AND改变主语的复数形式,其他表示“和”的词语都只是修饰,可以省略看待。 Additive phrases: along with, in addition to, as well a
18、s , accompanied by , together with, including Only the word and can change a singular subject into a plural one. Singular subjects followed by additive phrases remain singular subjects.Example: Joe, as well as his friends, is going to the beach. Mathematics, in addition to history and sciences, is a
19、 required subject. 表示“学科、疾病、一些活动(如杂技)”等词都是单数形式。Rules: (1)Or, eitheror, neither nor: 就近原则Neither the coach nor the players are going to the beach.Neither the players nor the coach is going to the beach.(2)Either, neither:总是单数(3)集合名词:总是单数:Agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, tea
20、m, baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniture(例外:如果句义强调集合名词中的个体,则使用复数,但是本考试中,结合名词一般是单数的含义)The crowd in the stands is cheering loudly as the home team takes the field.Our Army of a hundred thousand soldiers is attacking the enemy.(4)不定代词:总是单数Anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing
21、, each, every, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, whatever, whoever, either, neither(单独使用)例外:some of , any of , none of, all of, more of, most of谓语动词视后面的名词而定。(sanam of的主语是后面的名词)Some of the money was stolen from my walletSome of the documents were stolen from the bankAny o
22、f these women is a suitable candidate for marriage to my son.Not one of my friends is here this weekend. (5)each, every: 总是单数Every dog has paws.Every dog and cat has paws.Each of these shirts is pretty. 注意:They each are great tennis players. Each是插入语,可以省略。(6) 数量词和短语 The number of is (单数,主语是the numbe
23、r)A number ofare(复数, 主语是复数)表述数量的词,如: half, majority, minority, plurality谓语动词的形式看其前面的名词是复数还是单数。 (原则同sanam+of短语)Half of the pie is blueberry, and half of the slices are already gone. The majority of the students in this class are hard workers. In the Senate, the majority has coalesced into a unified v
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- GMAT 曼哈顿 语法 总结 70
限制150内