研究生英语精读教学教程教师参备考资料书(第三版上)一至八单元课件材料.ppt
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1、Postgraduate English Intensive Reading (1),真诚 E-mail: ,Teaching Procedures,Introductions close investigation,Optimism/pessimism,Optimism n. optimistic a. optimist n. Pessimism n. pessimistic a. pessimist n.,Inoculate against预防注射;接种疫苗,e.g.-During the war allied troops were inoculated against diseases
2、, because of fears that biological weapons might be used. All children are inoculated against polio. (小儿麻痹症),metropolitan,Of, relating to, or denoting a metropolis e.g. - the Boston metropolitan area 波士顿大都会区,loophole,Loophole: an ambiguity or inadequacy in the law or a set of rules He wants to avoid
3、 paying some of his taxes by taking advantage of the loophole of the law. Loop: 环,圈,fluke,If you say that something good is a fluke, you mean that it happened accidentally rather than by being planned or arranged. (INFORMAL) e.g. -We won the football game by a fluke. -His success in history examinat
4、ion was a mere fluke.,donate,v.: To present as a gift to a fund or cause; contribute - He donated all his savings to the Project Hope. donation n. - He made a donation of $1,000 to Project Hope. donator,recur,v: come or happen again e.g.- This is a problem which recurs periodically. recur to: go bac
5、k in words or thought e.g.- My first meeting with her often recurs to my memory. e.g.-His words of encouragement recurred to my mind whenever I was in low spirits. recurrent a./ recurrence n. e.g.-The patient complained of a recurrent headache.,immune,a.: (against, from, to) -He seems to be immune t
6、o (not affected by) flattery./(from, to) -The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police. (被豁免的) immunity n.: The child has received immunity to a variety of infections. immunize v. immunization n. immunology n.(study of resistance to infection免疫学),dodge,If you dodg
7、e something, you avoid it by quickly moving aside or out of reach so that it cannot hit or reach you. e.g.-He dodged the book that I threw at him. If you dodge something, you deliberately avoid thinking about it or dealing with it, often by being deceitful. e.g.-The minister dodged almost all the qu
8、estions that were put to her.,flounder,flounder: To make clumsy attempts to move or regain ones balance. - flounder in the deep snow - The boy floundered in the water till someone jumped in to save him,censor,v. examine books, periodicals, films, etc. to cut out anything regarded as immoral or in ot
9、her ways undesirable e.g.-The government censored some parts of the novel. n. He came here as a censor. (officials with authority to examine letters, newspapers, periodicals,etc. 审查员),Detailed study of the text,Para.1: People view the same things differently. It plays a role in introducing “positive
10、 and negative” thinking. The cliches make the beginning more amusing and thus appeals readers.,Para. 2,body: A number of persons, concepts, or things regarded as a group视作一组的人、事、物 -He has a large body of facts to prove his statements.,ill: when used as a noun, it means “anything causing harm, troubl
11、e, wrong, unhappiness, etc., specifically: a) an evil or misfortune; b) a disease. Synonyms : disease, ailment, illness, sickness,In Para.2: Optimism can help you to be Pessimism leads you to,Topic of the article,In Para. 7When they failed on the first call or two,Paraphrase: When the first few peop
12、le they phoned refused to donate blood,In Para. 8 Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy. -Self-fulfilling prophecy: a prediction brought to fulfillment chiefly as an effect of having been expected or predicted -Paraphrase: A prophecy may become true whether it is a negative or a po
13、sitive one. / If you think positively, it may bring about a positive result; if you think negatively, it may lead to a negative result.,In Para. 9,A sense of control, according to Anderson, is the litmus test for success. - Paraphrase: Whether one feels in control of the situation will determine one
14、s success in the end.,In Para. 10 Optimists may think they are better than the facts would justify. justify: To demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid -The course of events fully justifies our views. -How can you justify your rude and foolish behavior? Paraphrase: Optimists may overestimat
15、e themselves ;regard themselves as better than they really are.,In Para. 10,.there was a longer disease-free interval, the best predictor of survival. Paraphrase: The period of time when they were free from disease was longer and it could best predict that they would survive longer. Translation: (对那
16、些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说)两次发病间隔的时间比较长,而这是生存下去的最好征兆。,pilot,pilot: a. experimental undertaking or test实验性的;试点的. a pilot project 试点项目,In Para. 13,inclined: adj. 倾向的 -I am inclined to be ill after eating fish. 2) incline v.: To influence to have a certain tendency -Recent events incline us to distrust all politici
17、ans. -I incline to towards tiredness in winter. 冬天我常会感到疲乏。,at your mothers knee: when one is a small child,In Para. 15,work with sb.: spend time and effort trying to help sb. in some way -Her husband has a passion to work with her in the kitchen after a hot quarrel.,In Para. 20 keep/lose track of: l
18、earn; keep in/lose touch with -Youd better read the newspapers to keep track of current events,In Para. 20,hold back (1) hinder the progress of -His poor education is holding him back. (2) hesitate; show unwillingness -When danger came, no one held back. (3) keep secret hold back information 隐藏着消息不宣
19、布,Structure Analysis,Part I (1-7): Positive and negative thinking bring different results in our life. Part II (8-12): how differently (in what different ways) optimists and pessimists deal with the same situations . Part III (13-14): Ones pattern of thinking is a learned behavior. Part IV (15-20):
20、Pessimism can change and the ways (how) Part V (21): Conclusion,Main Idea,Citing the results of numerous researches and quoting a number of psychologists, the writer shows the importance of positive thinking. We are more likely to succeed in work and enjoy better health if we adopt an optimistic att
21、itude towards life, including its challenges and blows. Whether inclined to be pessimistic or optimistic, we acquire the thinking pattern as we grow up. However, we can consciously train ourselves to turn our thinking into more positive channels. We will turn out to be what we expect to be.,Writing
22、Pattern,Topic-raising Topic-developing Conclusion,Writing Strategies,Exemplification (for example, for instance, a case in point, etc) - the findings of many experts Citation - words of some researchers Restatement(重述) - optimism meaningless talk -Only a mother can understand her babys jargon.,quint
23、essential,quintessential: representing the most typical example or most important part of something 最典型的,精萃的, 精髓的(FORMAL) -Everybody thinks of him as the quintessential New Yorker. -This is the quintessential English village. quintessence: n. perfect example -the quintessence of virtue/politeness,ri
24、m,rim: n. -the rim of a cup/bowl -the red-rimmed eyes (眼圈红红的),rumple,rumple: v. If you rumple someones hair, you move your hand backwards and forwards through it as your way of showing affection to them;disarrange - I leaned forward to rumple his hair, but he jerked out of the way. -Dont play too vi
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