脊柱解剖结构图案解析.ppt
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1、大家好!,脊 柱,Vertebral column,基础医学院人体解剖教研室,The vertebral column脊柱 consists of 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx.,一、Vertebrae 椎骨 There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows: Cervical vertebrae 颈椎 C.7 Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 T.12 Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 L.5 Sacral vertebrae 骶椎 S.5 sacrum 骶骨 C
2、occygeal vertebrae 尾椎 Co.34 coccyx尾骨,General features of vertebrae,Vertebral body 椎体 Vertebral arch 椎弓 pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根: sup. and inf. Vertebral notch 椎上、下切迹 lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板 process (7): spinous process 棘突 transverse process 横突 sup. and inf. articular processes 上、下关节突 Verte
3、bral foramen 椎孔 Vertebral canal 椎管 Intervertebral foramen 椎间孔,Regional variations of vertebrae,Cervical vertebrae Vertebrae Body: small Vertebral foramen: larger and triangular Spinous processes: short and bifid in C3 to C5, long in C6,and longer in C7 Transverse processes: short and bifid, transver
4、se foramen横突孔 Articular processes: horizontal,Atypical vertebeae,Atlas寰椎 (C1) Body and spinous process absent, consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses Groove for vertebral artery 椎动脉沟,Axis枢椎 (C2): distinguished by dens齿突 which articulates with dental fovea of anterior arch
5、of atlas,Carotid tubercle: 颈动脉结节: anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6 Vertebra prominens 隆椎(C7):contains long and non-bifid spinous process, it is visible with neck flexed, used as clinical landmark in counting cervical and thoracic spinous processes,Thoracic vertebrae,Vertebrae Body : hea
6、rt-shape, superior and inferior costal fovea 上、下肋凹 Vertebral foramen: smaller, rounder Spinous processes: long, point obliquely downward Transverse processes: transverse costal fovea 横突肋凹 Articular processes: coronal,Lumbar vertebrae,Vertebrae Body: larger, kidney-shape Vertebral foramen: larger and
7、 triangular Spinous processes: projects horizontally Transverse processes: long Articular processes: sagittal,Sacrum,Anterior surface: promontory岬, anterior sacral foramina 骶前孔(four pairs) Posterior surface: median sacral crest 骶正中嵴, posterior sacral foramina (four pairs), sacral hiatus骶管裂孔,sacral c
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