2022年高中化学知识总结离子共存问题小结 .pdf
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1、高中化学知识总结离子共存问题小结(Summary of chemistry knowledge in Senior High School summary of ion coexistence)Summary of chemistry knowledge in Senior High School: summary of ion coexistence 1. Colorless transparent conditional type If the title is limited, is not colorless solution containing nonferrous ions, n
2、amely Fe2+ (light green), Fe3+ (yellow), Cu2+ (blue), MnO4 (purple) plasma. If transparent, the solution does not form cloudy or precipitate (irrespective of the color of the solution). Such as Ag+ and Cl -, br, I, Ca2+, SO42 - and SO42 -; CO32; Ba2+ and CO32, SO32, etc. the reaction of SO42 - in aq
3、ueous solution, precipitation to produce turbid or obvious, they cannot coexist a lot. Example 1. in a colorless transparent solution, the following groups of ions can coexist in large numbers A.H+, Cl -, Ba2+, CO32 B.Ag+, I, K+, transport are No3 C.K+, oh -, Cl -, Na+ D.Fe3+, Cl -, transport are No
4、3, Na+ The correct option should meet two conditions: colorless, transparent and able to coexist in large quantities. The answer 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页is C. Two. Acid condition type A common description of strong acidic solution, PH=1 solution, PH can make the litmu
5、s red solution, purple litmus solution red solution, methyl orange red solution, adding magnesium powder can release hydrogen solution. If the title is defined in acidic solution, the solution in the presence of H+, which does not contain large amounts of OH - ions and weak acid (such as CO32, SO32,
6、 S2 -, F -, ClO -, CH3COO -, PO43 -, AlO2 -, SiO32 -, and acid radical ions (such as HCO3 -, HSO3 -, HS -, HPO42 -, H2PO4 -, etc) of weak acids. Example 2. In a pH=1 solution, a large number of ions can coexist A.K+, Na+, SO42 -, SO32 B.NH4+, Mg2+, SO42 -, Cl - C.Na+, K+, HCO3, Cl D.K+, Na+, AlO2 an
7、d transport are No3 Analysis: the correct option should satisfy two conditions, pH=1 (a large number of H+ exists) and a large number of coexistence. The answer is B. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页Three. Alkaline conditioned type A common description of strong alkaline solu
8、tion, PH=14 solution, PH can make the litmus blue solution, red litmus blue solution and phenolphthalein red solution, methyl orange yellow solution, adding aluminum powder generated after reaction AlO2 solution, which can dissolve Al (OH) 3 and H2SiO3 dissolved in solution etc. If the title is defi
9、ned in the solution alkaline solution in OH, which does not contain large amounts of cationic H+, weak base (such as NH4+, Mg2+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+) and weak acid ions (such as HCO3, HSO3, HS, HPO42, H2PO4 - etc.). Example 3. a solution can dissolve both Al (OH) 3 and H2SiO3 solution, where
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