美利坚合众国宪法--中英对照版.pdf
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1、The Constitution of the United States of America 美利堅合眾國憲法 一七八七年九月十七日憲法會議通過 一七八九年四月三十日批准生效 We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings o
2、f liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. 序文 我們美國人民,為了建立一個更完善的聯邦,樹立 公平的司法制度,保障國內的治安,籌設共同防 衛,增進全民福利,使我們自己和後代子孫,永享 自由的幸福,乃制定並確立了這一部美國憲法。 Article I Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress
3、of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. 第一條立法 第一項(國會) 憲法所授予之立法權,均屬於參議院與眾議院所組 成之美國國會。 Section 2.Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state
4、 shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. 第二項(眾議院) 眾議院以各州人民每二年選舉一次之議員組織 之,各州選舉人應具該州眾議院議員選舉人所需之 資格。 No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty five years, and been seven years a citizen of the
5、United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. 凡年齡未滿二十五歲,為美國國民未滿七年,及當 選時非其選出州之居民者,不得為眾議院議員。 Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their respecti
6、ve numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term 眾議院議員人數及直接稅稅額應接美國所屬各州 人口分配之。各州人口,包括所有自由民及服役滿 相當期間之人,以及其他人民數額五分之三,但未 被課稅之印第安人不計算之。人口之統計,應於美 國國會第一次會議後三年內及此後每十年,依法律 of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths o
7、f all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty th
8、ousand, but each state shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight,
9、 Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. 之規定舉行之。議員人數以每三萬人中選出一人為 限,但每州最少應有議員一人。在舉行前項人口統 計前,新罕布什爾州(New Hampshire)得選出三人, 馬薩諸塞州(Massachusettes)八人,羅得島州(Rhode Island)及普洛威騰士墾植地(今羅得州之省會)一 人 , 康涅狄克州(Connecticut)五人 , 紐約州(New York) 六人,新澤西州(New Jers
10、ey)四人,賓夕爾法尼亞州 (Pennsylvania)八人,德拉瓦州(Delaware)一人,馬里 蘭州(Maryland)六人,佛吉尼亞州(Virginia)十人,北 卡羅來納州(North Carolina)五人,南卡羅來納州 (South Carolina)五人,喬治亞州(Georgia)三人。 When vacancies happen in the Representation from any state, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 任
11、何一州所選議員中遇有缺額時,該州之行政機關 應頒布選舉令以補足該項缺額。 The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 眾議院應選定該院議長及其他職員;並唯眾議院有 提出彈劾之權。 Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, chosen by the le
12、gislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. 第三項(參議院) 美國參議院由每州州議會選舉參議員二人組織 之,參議員任期六年,每一參議員有一表決權。 Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the
13、first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the re
14、cess of the legislature of any state, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 參議員於第一次選舉後集會時,應儘可能平均分為 三組。第一組參議員應於第二年年終出缺,第二組 參議員於第四年年終出缺,第三組參議員於第六年 年終出缺,俾每二年得有三分之一參議員改選。在 任何一州議會休會期間,參議員如因辭職或其他情 由而有缺額時,該州行政長
15、官得於州議會下次集會 選人補充該項缺額前,任命臨時參議員。 No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained 凡年齡未滿三十歲,為美國國民未滿九年,及當選 to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen. 時非其選出州之居民者,不得為參議員
16、。 The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 美國之副總統為參議院之議長,但除該院參議員可 否同票時,無表決權。 The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall
17、 exercise the office of President of the United States. 參議院應選舉該院之其他職員,遇副總統缺席或行 使美國總統職權時,並應選舉臨時議長。 The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice sha
18、ll preside: And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present. 唯參議院有審判一切彈劾案之權,審判彈劾案時, 全體參議員應宣誓或作代誓之宣言。美國總統受審 時,最高法院院長應為主席。非經出席參議員三分 之二之同意,不能判定任何人之罪責。 Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualificatio
19、n to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States: but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law. 彈劾案之判決,以免職及剝奪享受美國政府榮譽或 有責任,或有酬金之職位之資格為限。但被定罪者 仍可受法律上之控訴、審訊、判決及處罰。 Section 4. The times,
20、places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 第四項(國會議員之選舉與國會之集會) 舉行參議員及眾議員選舉之時間、地點與方法,應 由各州州議
21、會規定之;但國會得隨時以法律制定或 修改此類規定, 關於選舉參議員之地點,不在此限。 The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. 國會每年至少應開會一次。除法律另定日期外,應 於十二月第一個星期一集會。 Section 5. Each House shall be the judge of the electi
22、ons, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of 第五項(國會會議之進行) 各議院應自行審查各該院議員之選舉,選舉結果之 報告,及議員之資格。每院議員出席過半數即構成 each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such
23、manner, and under such penalties as each House may provide. 決議之法定人數。但不滿法定人數時得延期開會, 並得依照各該議院所規定之手續與罰則強迫缺席 之議員出席。 Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a member. 各議院得規定各該院之議事規則,處罰各該院擾亂 秩序之議員,並得經
24、議員三分之二之同意,開除議 員。 Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be ente
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