比较等级.docx
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1、Sunny Hometeachin, CenterSanzhong Muyi比拟等级副词的比拟等级学好副词的比拟等级必须掌握好以下几点:一、副词的作用副词主要用作状语,修饰动词、形容词或其它副词。如:The wind is blowing strongly.风刮得很大。(修饰动词)The shoes areJoc expensive,这鞋太贵 了。(修饰形容词)Tom runs very fast.汤姆跑得很快。(修饰副词)二、副词比拟等级的构成1 .规那么的副词比拟级、最高级的构成方法和规那么同形容词的比拟等级的构成一样。如:fast-faster -fastest, late 一later
2、 -latest,early -earlier-earliest, slowly -more slowly -most slowly 2.表示两者程度相同,肯定句用as ,as结构,否认句用notso.as结构,也可以用not as.as o例如:Mary jumps as high as Kate,玛丽和凯特跳得一样高。This book is as interesting as that one.这本书和那本书一样有意思。Mary doesn, t jump so (as) high玛丽IM得不如凯特高。This book is not so (as) interesting as tha
3、t one,这本书不如那本书有意思。以上的否认句形式也可以用less+形容词、副词+than.来表示。例如:This book is less interesting than that one,这本书不如那本书有意思。3 .不规那么副词的比拟等级须逐词记忆,如:well一better一best, badly 一worse一worst, much 一more 一 most, far 一farther-farthest / further -furthest, little-less-least 三、副词比拟等级的用法.比拟级用于二者之间进行比拟。可修饰形容词和副词比拟级的程度状语有much,
4、even, a little等。如:Jim writes much more carefully than Mike,吉姆写字比迈克认真得多。He got up even later today than yesterday他今天起床甚至比昨天还晚。2最高级用于三者以上的人或事物之间进行比拟。形容词的最高级前必须加the;副词的最高级前的the可 省略。如:He jumped (the) farthest at the sports meeting.在运动会上他跳得最远。Kate speaks English (the) best in her class.凯特在她班里英语说得最好。四、形容词
5、比拟等级的对象或范围大多数形容词分为原级、比拟级和最高级。而比拟对象或范围对于等级的选择、结构形式的采用,起着 一定的作用。所以比拟对象和范围的选用,显得尤为重要。1 .两件东西进行比拟,无论是比拟对象还是范围,都只能选用比拟等级。即ABThe rder on the left is longer than ihdl on the hghk主动比拟者 比拟级 比拟对象The ruler on the left is the longer of dr two rul rs主动应较不比拟缓一正较范而Sunny Hometeaching CenterSanzhong MuyiShanghai is
6、the largest of all the cities in China.上海在中国所有的城市中是 最大的。My brother is two years older than I.我哥哥比我大两岁。She is thinner than any other girl in her class.她是她班上最瘦的女孩。2. Your English is very good.But my brother learns it much than I do. ( 97 ft东)A. good B. well C. better D. best【析】在英语中,a little, a lot, mu
7、ch, even等词可以用来修饰形容词或副词的比拟级, 故此题的正确答案是C项。再看其它例子:In China, its cold in November, but its even colder inDecember.在中国,十一月份很冷,但十二月份更冷。_ _Mike draws much more beautifully than Tom.迈克画的画比汤姆画的漂亮多了。3. Don,t worry. Your granny will get ( 98 昆明)A. well and well B.better and betterC. well and better D.good and
8、well【析】表示“越来越可以采用“比拟级+比拟级”或“more and more +原级” 的结构,如果是 单音节的形容词或副词,那么用前一结构;如果是多音节词,那么可以用后一 种结构,故此题的正确答案是Bo再看其它例子:Most of the people there are getting richer and richer.那里的大局部人都变得 越来越富有。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的校园变得越来越美丽。4 China is one of in the world. ( 98 ft西)A.the oldest co
9、untryB. the oldest countriesmuch older countryC. much older countries【析】在英语中,要表示“其中最好的之一”,应使用“one of+形容词的最高级 形式+名词的复数 形式”。根据题意,此题应选B项。再看其它例子:Yangpu Bridge is one of the biggest bridges in the world.杨浦大桥是世界上最大 的桥梁之一。Maths is one of the most important subjects in middleschools.数学是中学最重要 的科目之一。5 The gir
10、l doesnt run the boy. L 98 广州)A. much faster as B. as faster asC. more fast than D. so fast as【析】在英语中,可以使用“as,as”表示“两者在某方面一样”;用“not so/as as”表示“两者在 某方面不一样”,以上两种结构都必须使用形容词或副词的原级。由以 上分析可知此题的D项最符合题意。再看其它例子:I think football is as popular as basketball in America.我认为足球出艮篮球在美 国一样受欢迎。Lin Tao is as strong a
11、s Zhang Hua.林涛和张华一样强壮。10Sanzhong MuyiSunny Hometeaching Center比拟的特殊表达法初探众所周知,在英语中,比拟的概念是通过形容词/副词的比拟等级来表达的。但英语中的 一些其它词类或 结构亦可表达比拟概念,从而不同程度地起到比拟作用。本文拟就比拟的假设 干特殊表达法作些初步探讨。一、表示方位的介词 above, over, below, under, beneath, beyond, before, behind 等可用来 表达比拟。在表达比拟概念时,这些介词的含义通常是其基本意义的引申,即表示“在等级、标 准、地位、价值、品质、能力等方
12、面优于(超过)”或落后于(低于),等。例如:1. We love truth above everything else.我4最爱真理。2. She is rather behind the rest of her class in maths.在数学方面,她比班上的 其他同学差些。3. Its quality is beyond that of others.它的质量比其他的质量好。4. This method has an advantage over that one. 这种方法比那种方法好。5. Children under two years old cannot be receiv
13、ed intothe kindergarten. 两岁 以下的儿童不 准进幼儿园。_He is beneath me in education.他所受的教育不如我。6. Work should come before pleasure.工作应比娱乐重要。7. He is next in rank below the mayor.他的地位次于市长。短语ahead of也可表示“优于“、“胜过”。如:8. He is far ahead of his class in English.他的英语远胜于班上的其他同学。此外,介词to和beside有时也表示比拟:9. He is quite stron
14、g to what he used to be .与过去的情况相比,他现在算很强 壮了。10. His contribution to the socialist construction is littleto yours. 他对社 会主义建设所作的贡献与你的相比,就显得微缺乏道了。二、 以一or 结尾的拉丁语比拟级superior, inferior, senior, junior, prior, major, minor及形容词prefera ble常与介词to连用,表示比拟。例如:11. He felt superior in mathematics to John.他觉得自己的数学比
15、约翰强。12. This is inferior to that in quantity.论质量这个比不上那个。13. He is ten years senior to me . 他比我年长十岁。14. A dark suit is preferable to a light one for evening wear.晚上穿深色西装 比穿浅色西装好。短语prefer. . . to .有时也表示比拟:15. 1 prefer tea to coffee. ( = 1 like tea better than coffee.)三、一些表示程度高低的动词,由于本身含有比拟的成分,也可表示比拟。这
16、些动词包 括:)由表示长短等的形容词派生出的相应动词。如:lengthen, shorten, enlarge, lessen, lower 等。0 表示强弱变化的动词。如:exceed(超过),increase, reduce, decline(衰弱),diminish11Sunny Hometeaching CenterSanzhong Muyi(减少),abridge (删节),maximize (使”增加到最高限度),minimize (使减小到 最低限度)等。3表示程度相同的动词equal o16. We are going to enlarge the garden to grow
17、 more vegetable=(. . . to make the vegetable ga rden larger.)我们准备将园子扩大以便多种蔬菜。17. You can minimize the dangers of driving by taking care toobey all the rules of the road.(=.lessen the dangers to thesmallest degree .)小心遵守所有的道路规那么就 能把开车的危险减少到最低限度。18. Demand exceeds supply. ( = Demand is greater than su
18、pply.)供不应求。19. The length of this boat equals the width of that boat. (=This boat is as long as that boat in wide.)这条船的长度等于那条船的宽度。四、”形容词(原级)+for短语”表示比拟:20. He is tall for his age, (=He is taller than normal.)对他那样的年纪来说, 他是长得高的。21. It is rather cold for April.(就四月份而言,这天气是冷了点。)五、“too +形容词/副词(原级)”表示比拟:2
19、2. It s too long. ( = lts longer than it should be.) 太长了。23. He speaks too quickly. (=He speaks more quickly than heshould.) 他说得太 快了。六、“数词+名词+形容词(原级)”表示比拟:24. You are five minutes late. (late = too late)你晚了五分钟。25. His watch is ten minutes fast.他的表快了十分钟。七、副词enough, sufficiently 和形容词same, equal (ly),
20、equivalent 示 “as. as” 如:26. He is strong enough for the job. (=He is as strong as isnecessary for the job.)他十分强壮、能干这项工作。27. It is sufficiently clear. ( = lt is as clear as is necessary.)够清晰的了。28. Tom and Jack are (of) the same age. (=Tom is as old as Jack.)汤姆和杰克同 岁。29. They can run both equally fast
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