参考资料:测试人员是否需要具备编程技能(看Elisabeth Hendrickson怎么说).pdf
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1、武剑洁 软件测试与质量 华中科技大学 如下是 Elisabeth Hendrickson 在 2010 年根据相关行业调查所做出的关于“测试人员 是否需要具备编程能力”的一篇报告,原文如下。 为了大家阅读方便,我结合谷歌翻译,以及自己的理解,将原文译为中文,附在原文的 后面。 原文中附带的调查数据作为另外一个课外资料, 也一并提供下载。 大家也可以在原文链 接中直接登录原网址下载该数据。(版权归原作者所有)。 Do Testers Have to Write Code By E hendrickson on OCTOBER 20, 2010 in UNCATEGORIZED For years
2、, whenever someone asked me if I thought testers had to know how to write code, Ive responded: “Of course not.” The way I see it, test automation is inherently a programming activity. Anyone tasked with automating tests should know how to program. But not all testers are doing test automation. Teste
3、rs who specialize in exploratory testing bring a different and extremely valuable set of skills to the party. Good testers have critical thinking, analytical, and investigative skills. They understand risk and have a deep understanding where bugs tend to hide. They have excellent communication skill
4、s. Most good testers have some measure of technical skill such as system administration, databases, networks, etc. that lends itself to gray box testing. But some of the very best testers Ive worked with could not have coded their way out of a For Loop. So unless theyre automating tests, I dont thin
5、k that testers should be required to have programming skills. Increasingly Ive been hearing that Agile teams expect all the testers to know how to write code. That made me curious. Has the job market really shifted so much for testers with the rise of Agile? Do testers really have to know how to cod
6、e in order to get ahead? My assistant Melinda and I set out to find the answer to those questions. Because we are committed to releasing only accurate data, we ended up doing this study three times. The first time we did it, I lost confidence in how we were counting job ads, so we threw the data out
7、 entirely. The second time we did it, I published some early results showing that more than 75% of the ads requested programming skills. But then we found problems with our data, so I didnt 武剑洁 软件测试与质量 华中科技大学 publish the rest of the results and we started over. Third times a charm, right? So here, f
8、inally, are the results of our third attempt at quantifying the demand for programming skills in testers. This time I have confidence in our data. We surveyed 187 job ads seeking Software Testers or QA from across the 29 states in the US posted between August 25 and October 16, 2010. The vast majori
9、ty of our data came from Craigslist (102 job ads) and LinkedIn (69 job ads); the rest came from a small handful of miscellaneous sites. The jobs represent positions open at 166 distinct, identifiable companies. The greatest number of positions posted by any single company was 2. Although we tried to
10、 avoid a geographic bias, there is a bias in our data toward the West Coast. (We ended up with 84 job listings in California alone.) This might reflect where the jobs are, or it could be because we did this research in California so it affected our search results. Im not sure. In order to make sure
11、that our data reflected real jobs with real employers we screened out any jobs advertised by agencies. That might bias our sample toward companies that care enough to source their own candidates, but it prevents our data from being polluted by duplicate listings and fake job ads used to garner a poo
12、l of candidates. Based on our sample, heres what we found: Out of the 187 jobs we sampled, 112 jobs indicate that programming of some kind is required; an additional 39 jobs indicate that programming is a nice to have skill. Thats just over 80% of test jobs requesting programming skill. Just in case
13、 that sample was skewed by including test automation jobs, I removed the 23 jobs with titles like “Test Automation Engineer” or “Developer in Test.” Of the remaining 164 jobs, 93 required programming and 37 said its a nice to have. Thats still 79% of QA/Test jobs requesting programming. Its importan
14、t to understand how we counted the job ads. We counted any job ad as requiring programming skills if the ad required experience or knowledge of a specific programming language or stated that the job duties required using a programming language. Similarly, we counted a job ad as requesting programmin
15、g skills if it indicated that knowledge of a specific language was a nice to have. The job ads mentioned all sorts of things that different people might, or might not, count as a programming language. For our purposes, we counted SQL and shell/batch scripting as programming languages. A tiny number
16、of job ads (6) indicated that they required programming without listing a specific language by listing broad experience requirements like “Application development in multiple coding languages.” Those counted too. 武剑洁 软件测试与质量 华中科技大学 The bottom line is that our numbers indicate approximately 80% of th
17、e job ads youd find if searching for jobs in Software QA or Test are asking for programming skills. No matter my personal beliefs, that data suggests that anyone who is serious about a career in testing would do well to pick up at least one programming language. So which programming languages should
18、 you pick up? Here were the top 10 mentioned programming languages (including both required and nice-to-haves): SQL or relational database skills (84) Java, including J2EE and EJBs (52) Perl (44) Python (39) C/C+ (30) Shell Scripting (27) note: an additional 4 mentioned batch files. JavaScript (24)
19、C# (23) .NET including VB.NET and ASP.NET but not C# (19) Ruby (9) This data makes it pretty clear to me that at a minimum, professional testers need to know SQL. I will admit that I was a little sad to see that only 9 of the job ads mentioned Ruby. Oh well. In addition, there were three categories
20、of technical skills that arent really programming languages but that came up so often that theyre worth calling out: 31 ads mentioned XML 28 ads mentioned general Web Development skills including HTTP/HTTPS, HTML, CSS, and XPATH 17 ads mentioned Web Services or referenced SOAP and XSL/XSLT We consid
21、ered test automation technologies separately from programming languages. Out of our sample, 27 job ads said that they require knowledge of test automation tools and an additional 50 ads said that test automation tool knowledge is a nice to have. (As a side note, I find it fascinating that 80% of the
22、 ads requested programming skills, but only about half that number mentioned test automation. Im not sure if theres anything significant there, but I find it fascinating nonetheless.) The top test automation technolgies were: Selenium, including SeleniumRC (31) QTP (19) XUnit frameworks such as JUni
23、t, NUnit, TestNG, etc. (14) LoadRunner (11) 武剑洁 软件测试与质量 华中科技大学 JMeter (7) Winrunner (7) SilkTest (6) SilkPerformer (4) Visual Studio/TFS (4) Watir or Watin (4) Eggplant (2) Fitnesse (2) Two things stood out to me about that tools list. First, the number one requested tool is open source. Overall, of
24、 the number of test automation tool mentions, more than half are for free or open source tools. Ive been saying for a while that the commercial test automation tool vendors ought to be nervous. I believe that this data backs me up. The revolution I predicted in 2006 is well under way and Selenium ha
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