大学英语-翻译课件-英译汉_08-4.ppt
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1、Conversion (1),词类转译法(C-E ),Main contents of this Lecture,I. Definition II.Conversion in E-C translation,I. Definition Conversion is one of the commonly adapted translation techniques, means the change of parts of speech in translation.,Examples,. This watch never varied more than a second in a month
2、. 这块表一个月的误差从不超过一秒钟。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 Careful comparison of them will show you the difference. 只要仔细把它们比较一下,你就会发现不同之处。,II. Conversion in E-C translation,Generally speaking, conversion of parts of speech in E-C translation take the followin
3、g 4 forms.,1. Conversion into Verbs,An English sentence contains no more than one predicate verb, while in Chinese its not unusual to have clusters of verbs in a simple sentence.,1)Nouns Converted Into Verbs,The sight and the sound of our jet planes filled me with special longings. 看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机
4、声,我感到心驰神往。 I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 我的小弟弟比我教得好。 These problems defy easy classification. 这些问题难以归类。,The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products. 采用这种新装置可大大地降低废品率。 说明:在翻译时抽象名词adoption就译为汉语动词“采用”,取代 “to adopt this new device”。,
5、翻译案例对比分析,Every thing I do has to be my decision,and that gives me the responsibility of handling my own life. a.我做每件事都按自己的决定,并且这给我生活中处理事情的责任感。 b.我对每件事所做的决定,在我的生命中给了我很强的责任感。,“ decision”是由动词变来的名词,如果只把它看作名词,忽视了可转译成动词,其结果在语气上就比动词要弱。以动词的强调方式可突出原句旨在表达“自己”。 故应译为: 我做的事情都由自己来决定,这就让我自己来承担起了处理自己生活的责任。,翻译案例对比分析
6、,The literal or metaphorical use of such expressions as “Case Law” throughout the English-speaking world reflects a common heritage in our legal system. 原译:在所有英语国家里,象“判例法”这样的语词,在字面上或隐喻的用法上,反映了我们法律上的一个共同传统。 改译:所有英语国家都在按照字面或比喻的意思使用象“判例法”这样的语词。这反映了我们法制有着一个共同的传统。,改译分析,在这个句子中,use是动作抽象名词,such expressions
7、as Case Law是它的逻辑宾语,literal or metaphorical是它的逻辑状语。而原译者却把 use当作一般的抽象名同,把逻辑宾语和逻辑状语都视为“use”的定语。这就曲解了著作的原意。因为作者说得是使用“判例法”这件事,而不是说这种语词的用法。,难句翻译案例分析,Modern English polite society seems to me as corrupt as consciousness of culture and absence of honesty can make it. 英国现代上流社会,据我看来,已经被自命有文化但毫无廉耻的人们弄到了极其腐朽的程度
8、。 句中“consciousness一词,在这儿不能做抽象意义“觉悟”解,而是一个系表结构,作“be conscious of”解,其意应为“意识到”或“自我意识到。”因此在句中,结合上下文,可译作“自命有文化”。,2) Prepositions Converted Into Verbs,Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部每天长时间工作,吃的 是粗茶淡饭,住的是冰冷的窑洞,点的是黯淡的油灯,3) Adjectives Converted Into Verbs,Yo
9、u are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. 你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任。 The following plan may become available during the next decade. 下列计划在10年间可能实现。,2. Conversion into Nouns 1) Verbs Converted Into Nouns,Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear. 这些材料的特点是:绝
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