宾语从句和状语从句.doc
《宾语从句和状语从句.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《宾语从句和状语从句.doc(10页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、专题:宾语从句与状语从句重点、难点1. 引导宾语从句的关联词的原则2. 状语从句的连词具体内容(一)宾语从句定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 (二)构成:关联词+简单句 (三)引导宾语从句的关联词有三类: 1. 从属连词that。如: He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。 I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。 注:that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。 (1)Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frigh
2、tened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。 (2)I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。 (3)That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。) 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 (4)We decided, in view of
3、 his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。) 鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。 2. 从属连词if/whether。如: I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。 I dont know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。 3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever,
4、whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如: Who or what he was, Martin never learned. 他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。 I wonder what hes writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。 Ill tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。 (1)介词宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如: He was deeply displease
5、d by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快。 I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。 I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。 Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。 有时介词可以省略。如: I dont care(for)who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。 Be careful(as to
6、)how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。 四. 重点疑难 1. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如: We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. 我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他已表明他不会屈服。 2. 作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,
7、作形式宾语。如: He is a good student except that he is careless. 他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。 You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。 介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如: Are you sorry for what youve done? 你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗? 3. 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, sa
8、tisfied等,连词that可省略。如: I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。 Im afraid you dont understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。 Im surprised that I didnt see all that before. 我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。 Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams. 妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。 4. 连词whether(or not)或if引导的宾语从句 if和whe
9、ther引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如: I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。 用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用whether。试比较: Please let me know if you want to go. Please let me know whether you want to go. if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。 5. 宾语从句的否定转移。在think
10、, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如: I dont think you are right. 我认为你错了。 I dont believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。 I dont suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是吗? 6. 宾语从句的时态变化规律(1)当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。 (2)当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客
11、观真理除外。如: The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行。状语从句:时间状语从句:状语从句需要连词引导。引导时间状语从句的连词有: when,while,as,as soon as,before,once,after, since,till/until等。 例如:When you finish doing this drill, you may go on to the next one.Ill let you know as soon as it is settled.She has written fi
12、fty letters home since she came to Beijing. 注意(一): 虽然till和until可互相交换使用。但在句首只能用until。用于否定句时,表示“直到时,才”;“在以前,不”例如:Until you told me about the book I had no idea of it.(在你告诉我之前,我对此书一无所知。)I wont know where he is until I get a letter from him.(收到他的信时我才知道他在那里。) 时间状态语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时间,用现在完成时表示将来完成时间。例如:As soo
13、n as my brother arrives, well start working. while和as的区别:when表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生或先于主句动作,可以指一段时间也可以指特定的时间点;while表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生,表示“一边一边”,通常指一段时间。例如:Jack stayed with us when / while he was in Beijing.He called us when he arrived in Beijing. 地点状语从句:引导地点状语从句的有where,wherever,everywhere等连词。例如:Where there is a
14、 will, there is a way. (有志者,事竟成)Wherever you met him, he was not in my house.Everywhere he goes he makes new friends.Everywhere she went, she was kindly received. 条件状语从句:一般由if(如果),unless(除非,如果不),as/so long as(只要)等连词引导。例如:Please come by if you are free.Unless you study harder, youre going to fail the
15、 exam. 注意(二):条件状语从句中也须用一般现在时表示将来时间,用现在完成时表示将来完成时间。例如:If it rains tomorrow, we wont go hiking. 原因状语从句:引导原因状语从句的连接词通常有because(因为),as(由于),Since(由于),nowthat(既然;由于)等。例如:As it is raining, you had better take your umbrella with you.You must tell the truth since you know the fact.She couldnt get up because
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 宾语 从句 状语
限制150内