泌尿系统 精选PPT.ppt
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1、泌尿系统 第1页,此课件共29页哦CompositionnTwo kidneyform urinenTwo ureterconduct urine from kidneys to bladdernBladderreceives and stores urinenUrethraconducts urine from bladder to exterior of body(discharged)第2页,此课件共29页哦 Kidney 肾肾General featuresnBean shaped,reddish-brown organsnSuperior extremitybroad and thi
2、nnInferior extremitynarrow and thicknAnterior surfaceconvexnPosterior surfaceflatnLateral borderconvex第3页,此课件共29页哦nMedial borderconcaveqRenal hilum 肾门肾门a vertical slit on the medial border of kidney,the structures which enter and leave the renal hilum is called renal pedicle肾蒂肾蒂,including the renal
3、vein,renal artery,renal pelvis,lymphatic vessels and nervesqOrder of structures in the renal pedicle from anterior to posteriorV.A.P.;from superior to inferiorA.V.P.第4页,此课件共29页哦qRenal sinus 肾窦肾窦 which is the renal hilum leads into a space within the kidney,the rental sinus is occupied by the renal v
4、essels,minor renal calices,major renal calices,renal pelvis and some adipose tissue第5页,此课件共29页哦Structure of the kidney nRenal cortex 肾皮质肾皮质qrenal columns 肾柱肾柱nRenal medulla 肾髓质肾髓质 qRenal pyramids 肾锥体肾锥体:1520qRenal papilla 肾乳头肾乳头qPapillary foramina 乳头孔乳头孔nMinor renal calices 肾小盏肾小盏 (78)nMajor real ca
5、lices 肾大盏肾大盏(23)nRenal pelvis 肾盂肾盂第6页,此课件共29页哦Coverings nFibrous capsule 纤纤维囊维囊 a strong fibrous capsule which strips easily from a normal kidney surface but adheres firmly to an organ that has been inflamed 第7页,此课件共29页哦Position nLie behind peritoneum one on each side of the vertebral column high up
6、 on the post abdominal wall,upper pole nearer to media plan than lower pole第8页,此课件共29页哦nFatty renal capsule 脂肪囊脂肪囊 a thick adipose connective tissue capsule,surrounds the fibrous capsule.It acts as a shock absorber to protect the kidney from jolting and jarringnRenal fascia 肾筋膜肾筋膜on outside,surround
7、s both the kidney and suprarenal gland,holding these organs in place第9页,此课件共29页哦nLeft kidney lies at the level from the lower border of T11 to L2;the 12th rib is behind its middle part of the post surfacenRight kidney lies slightly lower than the left kidney,at the level from the lower border of T12
8、 to L3;the 12th rib is behind its upper part of the post surfacenRenal hilum at the level of L1,is about 5cm from the posterior median linenRenal regionthe area between 12th rib and the lateral margin of erector spinae 第10页,此课件共29页哦nSuperiorlysuperarenal glandnPosteriorlyqThree musclesnDiaphragm(ple
9、ural cavity),nPsoas major nQuadratus lumborumqThree nervesnSubcostal n Iliohypogastric n Ilioinguinal nMedial qLeft kidneyabdominal aortaqRight kidneyinferior ceva vana Relationships of kidneys第11页,此课件共29页哦nAnteriorlyqLeft kidneynStomach(superior),nPancreas(middle),nLoops of intestine and left colic
10、 flexure(inferiorly)qRight kidneynRight lobe of liver(superior)nRight colic flexure(inferior)nDescending part of duodenum(medially)第12页,此课件共29页哦Renal segmentsnThe kidney is divided into five vascular segments and each is supplied by a branch of the renal artery;between the segments there is no anast
11、omosis.nThe segments are qSuperior segment qSuperior anterior segmentqInferior anterior segment qInferior segmentqPosterior segment第13页,此课件共29页哦第14页,此课件共29页哦Ureters 输尿管输尿管nMuscular tube,about 25cm longnThree partsqAbdominal partdescend on the psoas major behind the peritoneum qPelvic partin females,
12、passes 2cm lateral to the neck of uterus and lies below the uterine arteryqIntramural partpasses obliquely through the bladder wall for 2cm long第15页,此课件共29页哦Three constrictionsnAt the pelvoureteric junctionnWhere it crosses the pelvic inlet and iliac vesselsnWhere it pierces the bladder wall oblique
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