2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高考英语模拟卷&仿真卷(四)(含解析).doc
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1、2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高考英语模拟卷&仿真卷(四)本试卷6页,满分120分。考试用时120分钟注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等 相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内。2.选择题每小题选出答案后,请用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案;不能答在试卷上。.3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域 内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅 笔和涂改液,不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
2、第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂。AScientists have discovered a "monster black hole" so massive that, in theory, it shouldn't existIts a stellar black hole-the type that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode. Researchers had
3、previously believed that the size limit was no more than 20 times the mass of our sun because 8S these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that expel matter and gas swept away by stellar windsThis theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located ab
4、out 15.000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The findings were published by Chinese researchers in the journal Nature on Wednesday."Black boles of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy, accord
5、ing to most of the current models of stellar evolution," said Liu Jifeng, head of the team that made the discovery. "LB-1 is twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation."Scientists are now scratching their
6、heads at how LB-1 got so huge.The Chinese team has proposed a number of theories. LB-1' sheer size suggests that it “was not formed from the collapse of only one star," the study said- instead, it could potentially be two smaller black holes orbiting each other.Another possibility is that i
7、t formed from “fallback supermova.” This is when a supernoma-the last stage of an exploding star-ejects material during the explosion, which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole.This fallback formation is theoretically possible, but scientists have never been able to prove or ob
8、serve it. If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have "direct evidence for this process” for the first time, the study said.There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the smaller side, according to NASASupermassive black holes are much bigger-they can be bi
9、llions of times the mass of our sun,Scientists believe supermassive black holes may be connected to the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which form first.21Why does the writer write the article?ATo report the gr
10、eat achievement Chinese scientists have made in black hole theory,BTo inform the readers of the basic knowledge about the black hole,CTo share with the readers the new development of the black hole discovery,DTo demonstrate the significance of discovering new black holes for science.22Which of the f
11、ollowing about LB-1 is true to the passage?AIt is the biggest black hole ever discovered,BIt lost only a small part of its mass through explosion.CIt couldn't have been formed from the collapse of one star,DIts discovery may lead to some breakthrough in the “fallback formation theory".23Whi
12、ch of the following is right according to the passage?AIf the sun in our galaxy dies some of its mass will be taken away by stellar winds.BA massive supernova will be formed and then exploded if the sun in our galaxy dies.C"The Milky Way" was formed after a supermassive black hole collapse
13、d and exploded.DIf “the Milky Way" dies, a supermassive black hole will be formed after its death.BPlants do not listen to the radio. But a team of researchers in Greece recently found a way to turn lemons into very small “radio stations” that can broadcast information about their trees moistur
14、e content to a smartphonethe first step toward creating what the researchers call an “Internet of plants.”Scientists had previously attached sensors to trees to measure their water use, but “no other team had created a wireless radio network among plants, sending information while consuming only a f
15、ew microwatts and costing just a few dollars,” says project leader Aggelos Bletsas, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the Technical University of Crete.The network consists of several basic components: an existing FM radio station, an antenna (天线) attached to a lemon growing on a
16、 tree, a humidity (湿度) sensor in the lemon, a transistor connected to an antenna and an FM receiver. First, the antenna picks up the signal from the FM station, and then passes the signal to the transistor, which is modulated by the humidity sensor. The sensor switches the transistor on and off at a
17、 rate dependent on the plants moisture level: if the soil is wet or if the atmosphere is humid, that rate is lower; if it is dry, the rate is higher. Finally, the antenna broadcasts this information to the radio receiver on a mobile phone.In this way, plants can tell farmers if they are thirsty. “We
18、 can literally listen to the moisture of the plant, using our mobile FM radio with a $3.4 sensor,” Bletsas says. “Two of these sensors for every acre on any given farm might change the way we conduct agriculture and understand plants.” He notes that more sensors may be needed for the best possible r
19、esults. Such real-time information could enable better control of air and soil moisture.Why go through all this trouble and not just use already common wireless technology, such as Bluetooth? “Not only is our technique less complex, as we are just borrowing signals in the environment,” Bletsas says,
20、 but “a Bluetooth-based sensor costs about $25. Our final aim is to launch sensors onto the market costing less than $1.”“Bletsas and his team are completely changing the way of environmental sensing using very simple equipment and surprisingly little power,” says Alexandros Dimakis, an associate pr
21、ofessor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Texas at Austin, who was not involved in the research. “Their work could be a transformational Internet of Things technology for agriculture and for monitoring the environment.”Bletsas and his colleagues have already applied for a p
22、atent for their innovative technology in America.24The radio network created by Greek researchers _.Aconsumes much energyBcan be put in a smartphoneCuses simple technology at low costDbroadcasts radio programs to plants25What does the underlined word “modulated” in Paragraph 3 mean?AMonitored.BAdjus
23、ted.CMeasured.DConnected.26What is Alexandros Dimakis attitude to the “radio network”?APositive.BCritical.CNeutral.DDoubtful.27What is the purpose of the passage?ATo discuss methods of studying plants.BTo assess the efficiency of Internet of plants.CTo stress the importance of keeping soils moisture
24、.DTo introduce a new way of measuring plants water use.CSome of the most powerful companies in the world have co-founders. For example, Google(Sergey Brin and Larry Page),Apple(Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs),and Microsoft(Bill Gates and Paul Allen)and so on. Having partners can help to deal with the
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