中考第二轮复习——语法专项.doc
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1、年 级初三学 科英语版 本人教版(新目标)内容标题二轮复习 语法专项编稿老师康文岗【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容:轮复习 语法专项二. 教学过程:形容词和副词考点清单:形容词作定语在句中的位置;副词在句中的位置;形容词和副词比较等级的用法;-ing形式与-ed形式形容词辨析;语境中的词义辨析;形容词 (一)形容词在句中的作用一)作定语形容词修饰名词时放于名词之前;修饰不定代词时,放于不定代词之后。What a beautiful game!I was chatting with some old friends. He wants to do something different this
2、time. Is there anything important in the newspaper?【走近中考】Shirley has done a lot for the tourists. She is really a (help) guide.As we know, Liu Xiang is a (成功的)player. 二)作表语在系动词be、感官动词taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(感到)以及get, turn等系动词后用形容词作表语。He is young. She looks happy today.The foo
3、d tastes delicious. 【走近中考】Susan often goes swimming in summer when its warm and (晴朗的).The old woman looked (着急的)because she couldnt find her purse.George was frightened to see a snake in the grass. His face turned .A. pale B. clean C. sadly D. happilyThe dish smells and youd better throw it away.A.
4、good B. well C. bad D. badly三)作宾语补足语You should keep your room clean every day. (二)-ing形式与-ed形式形容词辨析-ed形容词多形容人的情绪或感受,主语一般是人。-ing形容词多形容客观事物外在体现的性质,主语或被修饰的词一般是物。【走近中考】Nancy doesnt enjoy her job anymore. Shes because every day she does exactly the same thing.A. relaxing B. relaxed C. boring D. bored(三)形
5、容词的比较级与最高级副词(一)副词在句中的作用修饰动词作状语He works hard. He walked quietly into his bedroom. (二)副词的位置多数副词都可以放在动词的后面,如果是及物动词,一般就放在宾语后面。He is jumping happily.The boy is doing his homework carefully.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句尾。They live here.Ill meet him at the station tomorrow. / Tomorrow Ill meet him at the station. Th
6、e boy runs quickly.They did their experiments carefully in the lab yesterday. 频率副词在句中的位置在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。She is always kind to us.I can never forget the day.The work has never been done.He often goes to school early. 修饰全句的副词一般位于句首,用来修饰整个句子,表示说话人对话语的态度。Luckily, she was in when I called. enough
7、 修饰形容词、副词时的位置enough要放在所修饰词的后面The room is big enough to hold fifty people.He runs fast enough. 【走近中考】Dont worry. He is to look after little Betty.A. carefully enough B. enough careful C. careful enough D. enough carefully(三)副词的比较级与最高级形容词和副词的比较从在句中的作用看:形容词在句中修饰名词和代词,说明其性质和特征。副词在句中修饰动词、形容词和副词,有时还可修饰整个句
8、子,表示时间、地点、状态、程度等。从构词方式看:名词形容词有些名词+y变为形容词 cloudcloudy; rainrainy; sunsunny有些名词+ful/less变为形容词 carecarefulcareless; helphelpfulhelpless形容词副词有些形容词+ly变为副词carefulcarefully; slowslowly; quickquickly; usualusually; quietquietly 【走近中考】I like working here because everyone is (friend).The young mother is singi
9、ng (soft) to her baby son now. The wind is blowing (strong) now. I have to stay at home. 注意:有些以ly结尾的词并不是副词。friendly(友好的)lonely(孤独的)lovely(可爱的) 词尾为y的形容词变副词,要先将y变为i,然后再在词尾加ly。easy easily;busy busily;angry angrily;happy happily有些副词加ly后变为另一个副词His parents hit him hard.His parents hardly hit him.有些形容词和副词同
10、形因为这类词的形容词和副词同形,所以要看它在句中具体修饰什么词来判断它到底是形容词还是副词。This kind of wood is hard. 这种木材硬。He studies hard.他努力学习。Dont be late again.不要再迟到了。I slept late this morning. 今天早上我很晚才起。He looks well. 看起来他身体不错。He works well. 他工作得很好。从在句中的位置看:形容词在句中的位置形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前面。形容词如果修饰something, anything, nothing等复合不定代词,要放在后面。Th
11、e bright room is mine.Ive something/nothing important to tell you. 副词的位置地点、时间和方式副词一般放在句尾。频率副词放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后,行为动词之前。He usually spells words carelessly. But he spelt very carefully yesterday. 从句中的谓语动词看:如果谓语动词是系动词,则后面的表语一定要用形容词而不能用副词。The child seems healthy.She dances well.I did well on the exam and
12、 got a good grade. 【走近中考】Hand-foot-mouth disease is terrible, but I believe that we Chinese can beat it (成功地).Nancy is patient and she doesnt give up (easy).Mary passed her exam because she studied very (努力).Hes so strong that he can raise the box (容易地).形容词和副词在语境中的词义辨析【走近中考】The air in the countrysid
13、e is . So many people from the city go there on weekends.A. soft B. pretty C. fresh D. deliciousLook, its raining .Thats great. Its too hot these days. A. greatly B. heavily C. quickly D. hardlyThe electric fan can blow away the terrible smell in the room, can it?Its hard to say, but you may have a
14、try.A. easily B. hardly C. quickly D. finally介词表示时间的介词at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点at lunch/breakfast, at noon, at that time, at night, at the moment, at present, at first, at the weekend, at last, at the same time, at times, at the end of year, at this time of year, at nine(oclock)on 用于表示某天、某一天的上、下午和晚上(指具体的某一天时,
15、一律用on)on Monday, on Tuesday morning, on May, 2008, on a fine morning, on a cold night, on that day, on the morning of National Day, on Childrens Day, on the night of July 1in 用于表示月、季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上in January, in March, in spring, in 1989, in September, 2008, in the morning/afternoon/evening【走近中考】New
16、 York and Washington D. C. are good places to visit May or October.A. from B. at C. in D. on When did this accident happen?It happened six oclock the afternoon of last Monday.A. at; in B. in; on C. about; at D. at; on 注意:在this, that, last, next, every等词的前面不能再加介词。this morning, last Friday, next Sunda
17、y, every Monday/week/yearbefore 在之前;after在之后;by截止到/by the end of/ by then; until/till直到为止;for + 一段时间 可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但经常和完成时连用。He has lived in Beijing for 20 years. We have to stay here for an hour. during 在期间 They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.fromto 从起 The meeting wil
18、l begin from eight to ten. since 自从以来(表示从以前某时刻一直到现在仍在继续)I have been sick since yesterday.in过后(未来时间)in an hour, in a week.He will be back in five days. within不超过的范围within 3 hours, within a week.I must finish the work within 10 minutes. 【走近中考】The climber will reach the top of the mountain w (在之内)20 mi
19、nutes. 表示场所、方向的介词at表示比较狭窄的场所at the school gate, at home, at a factory, at the end of, at the hotel, at the station, at the door, at 2 Baker Street, at the back of, at my deskin表示比较宽敞的场所in Beijing, in the world, in a room, in the middle, in the photo/pictureon, above, over, under, belowon 在上面,有接触面 on
20、 the desk, on the wall 在靠近的地方 on the right/left, on the riverabove 在上方(反义词below) Our plane flew above the clouds.over 在正上方(反义词under) There is a stone bridge over the river. under 在下面 under the table, The dog is under the tree. below在下面(不一定是正下方)There is a small village below the mountain. 【走近中考】You m
21、ust ride your bike the right side of the road.A. at B. on C. in D. for Mr Smith lives that building. His house is the fifth floor.A. in; on B. of; to C. on; in D. to; at The weather report said that the temperature would fall (在下面)zero.near, bynear 在附近;靠近Do you live near here? Is there a bus stop ne
22、ar here?by在旁边(距离比near要近)The boy is standing by the window. between, among, aroundbetween在两者之间 My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike. Whats the difference between A and B?among在三者或更多者之中There is a house among the trees. He is very popular among the students. around环绕,在周围,在四周We sat around the tabl
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