期中复习同步基础知识梳理英语八年级上册.docx
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1、深圳版牛津版八年级上期中复习同步基础1、depend on 依赖,依靠You depend on computers more than you realize. 你对计算机的依赖比你意识到的还要多。【短语解析】depend on相当于depend upon,其后常接名词或代词。Our plan depends on the weather. 我们的计划取决于天气。Whether to go or not depends on yourself. 去不去由你自己定。2、however adv. 然而Many dinosaurs ate
2、 plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. 很多恐龙吃植物。然而,有一些喜欢吃肉。【拓展例句】(however的位置可以在句首、句中、句末)The reality, however, is probably not cruel. 然而,事实很可能没那么残酷。The story has a happy ending , however. 不过故事的结局还是圆满的。3、be unaware of 没意识到,未察觉You may be unaware of them. 你可能没有察
3、觉到他们。【短语解析】unaware是由前缀un-和单词aware构成的。be aware of意为“意识到,察觉到”。She watched so carefully that she was unaware of his coming. 她看得如此认真,以至于没有意识到他的到来。4、chess n. 国际象棋Playing chess. 下国际象棋The people are learning to play chess. 人们正在学习下国际象棋。【拓展】play后接球类、棋类名词时,这类名词前不用冠词。play basketball/vol
4、leyballplay后接表示乐器的名词时,这类名词前加定冠词the。play the piano/violin5、develop v. 开发;研制Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879. 托马斯·爱迪生在1879年研制了第一个有用的电灯泡。【拓展】developed 发达的developing 发展中的Canada is a developed country. 加拿大是一个发达国家。China is a developing count
5、ry. 中国是个发展中国家。6、check v. 检查;核实Check some Maths problems. 核对一些数学题。Our teachers check our homework every day. 我们的老师每天都检查我们的作业。【拓展】check的相关短语check in 登记; check out 办清手续后离开; check up 检验7、intelligence n.才智;智慧ability n.才能,能力From an early age, he showed great intell
6、igence and artistic ability. 从很小的时候,他就显示出很高的智商以及艺术才能。【拓展】intelligence n.才智;智慧 intelligent adj.有才智的art n.艺术 ->artistic adj.有艺术天赋的 artist n.艺术家(be) able (to do): to have the skill, strength, knowledge etc needed to do something
7、 有能力做某事ability n.才能,能力have the ability to do sth.有能力做某事8、inventor n.发明家musician n.音乐家scientist n.科学家Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. 列奥纳多·达·芬奇是一位意大利的画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师以及科学家。【单词解析】paint v. 画,涂画 ->
8、painter n.画家invent v.发明 ->inventor n.发明家 invention n.发明engine n.引擎 ->engineer n.工程师science n.科学 ->scientist n.科学家【拓展-构词法】表示职业的名词后缀:-er worker, teacher, singer-or doctor, actor, editor-ian
9、160; mathematician(数学家), librarian(图书管理员)-ist artist, dentist9、instead adv. 代替,顶替Wouldnt you like gold or silver instead? 难道你不想要金子或银子来代替吗?【单词解析】instead是个副词,一般用于句首或句尾,和祈使句连用时只能放在句尾。It will take days to drive a car, so lets fly instead. 开车会花好几天时间,所以我们还是改
10、乘飞机吧。【辨析】instead与instead ofinstead: 副词,“代替;顶替”,常位于句首或句尾。instead of: 介词短语,“代替,而不是”,常位于句首或句中,后接名词、代词宾格、介词短语或动词-ing形式。She didnt answer me. Instead, she asked me another question.Instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us. 他不但不帮我们,反而嘲笑我们。10、speed n. 速度They can calculate at a faster speed th
11、an we can and almost never give wrong answers. 它们的计算速度比我们快,而且几乎从来不会出错。【拓展】speed的常用短语:at a/the speed of. “以的速度”;at full speed of “全速地”;with great speed “快速地”。Safety is more important than speed. 安全比速度更重要。Please drive at a speed of sixty miles an hour. 请以每小时60英里的速度驾驶。11、r
12、ealize v. 认识到;意识到The king quickly realized the problem. 国王很快意识到了问题【单词解析】realize的常见用法如下:realize+n.At last she realized her fault. 最后她意识到了她的错误。realize+that从句I realized that it was time to go to school. 我意识到该去上学了。realize+疑问词+其他I dont think you realize how important this is to he
13、r. 我认为你没有意识到这对她有多重要。12、include v.包括For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings. 例如,他的笔记本包括有一些有趣的图案。【拓展例句】Does the price include postage? 这个价格包含邮费吗?His job includes looking after under-21 teams. 他的职责包括照料 21 岁以下的队。Their new house has four storeys includin
14、g the attic. 他们的新房子有四层楼,包括阁楼。【拓展】include跟contain的区别:都有“包含”的意思,但contain可用于表示包含所含之物的的全部或部分,而include则只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。例如:The parcel included a dictionary. 那包裹里也包括了一本字典。The parcel contained a dictionary. 那包裹里装的是一本字典。13、order n. 订货Listen to a woman making a phone order. 听一位妇女
15、在打电话订货。【拓展】order的不同词性:作名词,除了表示“订货”,还可表示“命令;顺序”。Dog can be trained to obey orders. 狗可以被训练得听从命令。Lets take the problems in a different order. 咱们换一下顺序来处理这些问题吧。作动词,意为“点菜;命令;预定”。She orders one mapo toufu with rice. 她点了一份麻婆豆腐饭。My father ordered me to clean my room every day. 爸爸命令我每天
16、打扫我的房间。Shall I order a taxi for you? 要我给你叫辆出租车吗?14、instructions n. 指示,命令Learn how to give instructions about numbers. 学习如何给出有关数字的指示。Im under instructions to keep my speech short. 我接到指示,讲话要简短。【拓展】instruction作名词时,还可意为“用法说明;操作指南”。Follow the instructions on the packet carefu
17、lly. 仔细按照包装上的说明操作。15、comfortable adj. 使人舒服的;舒适的After its invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable. 在车轮发明之后,旅行变得更加迅速,更加舒适。【单词解析】comfortable是形容词,其比较级和最高级分别为:more comfortable和most comfortable。I feel more comfortable after I open the window. 打开窗户之后,我感到更加舒服了。【拓展】co
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