HistoryofWesternCivilizationbefo (51).pdf
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1、6.1.The Renaissance 14 to 17th centuryHi,now we start a new chapter,chapter 6:Renaissance and reformation.The first part is The Renaissance,if we say the Dark Age is dark,and now we can see the light,the light from the title,the light is the Renaissance.1.Modern historyThe modern history has three p
2、eriods;we see the classical antiquity,the Middle Ages and the Modern Period.Modern Period can be furtherdivided into the early modern period,the late modern period and Contemporary history.The early modern period began in the early 15th century including the Renaissance,the Age of Discovery and the
3、Protestant Reformation.The latemodern period began in the mid-18th century,including the French Revolution,the American Revolution,the Industrial Revolution,the GreatDivergence,the Russian Revolution and the two World Wars.And the Contemporary history started from the 1945 the end of the Word War II
4、until today.Early Modern EuropeWhat marked the beginning and end of the early modern Europe?Historians have different answers including the Fall of Constantinople in 1453,the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487,the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s,the voyages of Christopher C
5、olumbus in1492,or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517.The dates of its end including the start of the French Revolution in 1789 and beginning ofthe English Industrial Revolution in late 18th century2.The Italian City-statesNow lets look at the Italian city-statesSince the 11th century It
6、aly was divided into numerous rival city-states and territories.Fifteenth-century Italy was one of the most urbanized areasin Europe.By 1500,seven of the ten largest cities in the west were in Italy.Through shipping,commerce and banking,the city-states in thenorthern and central Italy rose to great
7、prosperity,laying the groundwork for modern capitalism.There were 5 powers in Italy.We can see the duchy of Milan,republic of Venice,and the republic of Florence,Papal state,and Kingdom of Naples.Republic of Florence and the Papal States at the center.Florence was the center of Renaissance culture,o
8、ne of the wealthiest cities in Europe.Itwas ruled by banking family the Medici.Duchy of Milan to the north,it was landlocked,and the most warlike,ruled by the Visconti family.Venicewas the leading maritime power of that time.The 5 powers often fight with each other.To better understand rivals or all
9、ies they started sending resident ambassadors to each other.This wasconsidered the emergence of diplomacy.3.The RenaissanceRenaissance is a French word means rebirth for an Italian cultural movement from 14 to 16th century.The Renaissance humanist all loved theclassical culture and hoped its rebirth
10、.The Renaissance is the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and earlier modern period history.TheRenaissance is the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history.It started in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe,markingthe beginning of the Early Modern Age.Renaissance Human
11、ismRenaissance humanism is the study of classical antiquity.Humanist stressed the importance of the classic texts of the ancient Greece and Rome.Petrarch revered rhetorician Cicero above all others.After the fall of Constantinople in 1453,Italy became the center for Greek studies asByzantine scholar
12、s fled the Ottoman Empire and came to Italian cities.After the fall of Constantinople in 1453,Italy became the center for Greekstudies as Byzantine scholars fled the Ottoman Empire and came to Italian cities.Humanists studied not only theology but grammar,rhetoric,moral philosophy,and history,they w
13、ere not antireligious but emphasize the value ofhuman beings,and they celebrated the worldly achievements.At that time the church remained the center of peoples spiritual life but a growingsense of civic pride and individual accomplishment were underlying characteristics of the Italian Renaissance4.
14、Petrarch 1304-1474This is Francesco Petrarch,a great scholar and poet,known as Father of Humanism and father of the Renaissance.He regarded the classicalGreco-Roman world is the golden age and after the golden age until his own time is a dark age.This is why the middle ages also called the DarkAges.
15、Petrarch was born in the Tuscan city of Arezzo in 1304.Dante was a friend of his father.Petrarch was the first tourist,traveled widely inEurope.During his travels,he collected Latin manuscripts.In 1345 he discovered a collection of Ciceros letters;this discovery is often consideredthe start of the I
16、talian Renaissance.He was a devout Catholic and didnt see a conflict between humanism and religious faith.5.Renaissance Art including architecture,sculpture,and painting.The early Renaissance is a period from 1400 to 1490s.Lets look at fourmasters from this period.All of them were from Florence.1Bru
17、nelleschi 1377-1446 was a great architect,was one of the founding fathers of the Renaissance.He is famous for developing a technique forlinear perspective in art.His most famous work is the dome of the Florence Cathedral,the largest brick dome in the world.6.Donatello c.1386-1466 was a great sculpto
18、r.He studied classical sculpture and developed a complete Renaissance style.He studied classicalsculpture and developed a complete Renaissance style.He led the revival of equestrian statue;equestrian means a man riding on the horseback.His bronze statue is Judith Slaying Holofernes,His bronze statue
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