HistoryofWesternCivilizationbefo (38).pdf
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1、 4.4 The Victory of ChristianityHi,this is the fourth part of the fourth chapter,The Victory of Christianity.1.Theodosius,also known as Theodosius the Great was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395.He was the last emperor to rule over both theeastern and the western Empire.After his death,his two sons inhe
2、rited the east and west parts respectively.The Roman Empire was never re-united until the fall of the western Empire in 476.During Theodosiuss reign,Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.Geekand Roman temples were converted into Christian churches;the Temple of Apollo in Delp
3、hi was shut down.The last Ancient Olympic Games washeld in 393,after that it was banned.From the early first century,Christians had been persecuted for nearly 300 years,but now they started to persecute others.Theodosius banned allpaganism,paganism is a term used by the early Christians for the Roma
4、ns who practiced polytheism,the worship of more than one god.Christianity is monotheism,believing there is only one God,Greek and Roman religions are polytheism.2.In 390 some rioters murdered the Roman governor in the Greek city of Thessalonica.Theodosius ordered the killing of 7,000 people there.Th
5、is massacre angered the bishop of Milan Ambrose who excommunicated the emperor from his church.Excommunicate is to officially announcea person is no longer a member of the church.After several months,finally the emperor was forgiven until he did public penance for his brutal act.Penance is a form of
6、 apology for sin or wrong doing.From this incident,we can see the church sometime was even more powerful than theemperor.Lets look at this picture;the bishop is stop the emperor going into the church.3.Basic knowledge of ChristianityJesus and the early Christians were Jewish people,Christianity grew
7、 out of Judaism and finally Split from it.When Christianity became the officialreligion of the Roman Empire,most of Jewish people still believe Judaism like today.Christianity emerged in the mid-1st century in the RomanEmpire province of Judea.By the end of the 4th century it became the official sta
8、te religion of the Roman Empire.Today it is the worlds largestreligion,with over 2.4 billion Christians,1/3 of the global population.Christianity played a very important role in the development of the Westerncivilization,thus it is necessary to learn the basic knowledge of Christianity.The Bible is
9、the holy book of Christianity.The first part is the Old Testament,based on the Hebrew Bible.The second is the New Testament,written in the common Greek language,deals with the life and teachings of Jesus Christ as well as events in the first-century Christianity.4.The Book of Genesis is the first bo
10、ok of the Old Testament.Genesis is about the beginning of the world.God creates the world in six daysand rested in the seventh day.He creates the first human Adam out of the dust of the ground and the first woman Eve form Adams rib.Adamand Eve and all the animals lived peacefully in the Garden of Ed
11、en.Adam and Eve were tempted by a talking serpent to eat the forbidden fruitfrom the tree of knowledge of good and evil.They became ashamed of their nakedness and God expelled them from the Garden.This is the fall ofman.Adam and Eves disobedience to God is the original sin of human being.God punishe
12、d Adam to getting what he needs only by sweat andwork,and Eve to giving birth in pain.5.This is the painting,the fall in the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo.6.Adam and Eves descendants lived on the earth for ten generations.Seeing the earth was filled with violence,God decided to destroy hiscreation,
13、he told Noah to build an ark in which Noah family together with a male and a female of all living creatures would be saved.The floodlasted for one year and 11 days.On the last day,the dove sent by Noah returned with an olive leaf.So,Noah knew the flood is over.Noah died350 years after the flood,at t
14、he age of 950.7.AbrahamAt Gods command Noahs descendant Abraham led his people migrated from his home in Mesopotamia into the land of Canaan.Canaan was anancient region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean,corresponding roughly to todays Palestine and Israel.Christians believed Canaanis th
15、e Promised Land given by God to the Israelites.Abrahams grandson Jacobs name was changed to Israel,thus his decedents were calledIsraelites,also called Hebrews or Jews.8.This is the map of Abrahams journey.9.Moses and ExodusIsraelites migrated to Egypt and there they were enslaved.The Egyptian Phara
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