情态动词专项训练.doc
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1、情态动词的基本用法can,/ could may,/ might, , will /would, , shall /should, must, , ought to, used to need、 dare1. can (could)1) 表示能力,could主要指过去时间。例如: Two eyes can see more than one. Could the girl read before she went to school? 2) 表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。 He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car. You must
2、nt smoke while youre walking around in the wood. You could/might start a fire.(3) Where can (could) they have gone ? (4) His coat is still here. He cant have left.(5) The test was so easy. I could have got full marks, but I was too careless.(虚拟语气) 3) 表示允许。例如: Can/Could/May/Might I have a look at you
3、r new pen? He asked whether he could take the book out of the readingroom. 4)“有时会” It can be very cold here in winter. She can be very touch sometimes.2may (might) 1) 表允许,might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。例如: You may take whatever you like. May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 2) 表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间,也可
4、以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。例如: He may be at home. 他可能在家。 She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。Can/Could he be at home now? (May he be at home now?错)3. must1) 表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。例如: -Must we hand in our exercise books now? -No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 2) 表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。例如: He looks so pale
5、. He must be ill.(,isnt he? ) Water was rushing past their house. It must have been 10 meters deep.(,wasnt it?)Must have done cant/couldnt have done sth. may/might have done sth may not have done (见到mustnt have done sth就排除)4shall 1)=will 用于一人称I /We shall/will2) 表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。例如: Shall I get you
6、 some tea? Shall the boy wait outside? 3) 表 “命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。例如: You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令) You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺)(3) According to our agreement, 30%of the money shall come to our company.5 should1) 表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。例如: You should be polite t
7、o your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 You shouldnt waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。2) 表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。例如: The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。3)(表示不确定)万一。例如: If I should/were to see him, I would tell him the news. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他。 If it shou
8、ld/were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed. 4)表惊讶“居然”Its a pity /strange that he should have been so rude to a lady. 6 will 1) 表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。例如: I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 None is so blind as those who wont see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。 If you will read the book, Ill lend it to you.
9、 如果你愿意读这本书,我会把它借给你。2) 表请求,用于疑问句。例如: Please close the window, will you? Wont you drink some more coffee? 3) 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。例如: Fish will die out of water. The door wont open. 这门打不开。(3) She will listen to music in her room alone for hours.(常常会)4)表纯粹的将来。 He will turn 20 tomorrow. Go out of the garden, an
10、d you will see the castle on the left.5) 临时决定 -Have you posted the card for me? -Sorry, I forgot. I will post it after class.7. would1) 表意愿。例如:: They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2) 表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。例如: Would you mind cleaning the
11、 window? They wouldnt have anything against it. 3) 表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。例如::Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 8.ought to 1) 表义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做),口气比should稍重。例如: You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他父亲,应当管他。 You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。2) 表推测,暗含很大
12、的可能,语气较弱。例如: Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。 Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 3)表过去将来9. used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不复发生或存在。 There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. I usednt (didnt use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。j F Used you (
13、Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗?10.特殊情态动词need和dare的用法:need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。1) 用作情态动词。例如:| You neednt telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。 I dont think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。 She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 How dare you say Im unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平?_2) 用作实义动词。例如: You don
14、t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。 The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。 We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。 I dare say hell come again. 我想他会再来的。【注意】(I dare say为固定习语) 难点突破1) 情态动词+动词完
15、成式 Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. He cant have missed the way. I drew him a map. The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it? I cant find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. You could have told us earlier. With all the work finished, I s
16、hould have gone to the party last night. You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.(11) -I wonder how Tom knew about your past. -He must / / may / might have heard of it from Mary.2) 情态动词+动词进行式 He must be playing basketball in the room .now She may be stayi
17、ng at home. now3) 情态动词+动词完成进行式 I didnt hear the phone .I must have been sleeping to discuss the problem.(then) He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.|三、几组词的辨异1. can 和be able toYesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。2. must和 have to
18、I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。3. would和used to1)used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同,而would只表过去的情况。People used to think that the earth was flat.She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country. 2)used to可表示过去的习
19、惯动作和经常的情况,而would只表示过去的习惯动作。He used to would smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。She used to be fat. 她过去很胖。情态动词基础训练1. -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt 2. -There were already five people in the car, but managed to take me as well.5Fr
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