论文写作~模版.doc
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1、|( 2011 届) 题 目 模糊限制语视角下的女性话语特征分析 学 院 外国语学院 专 业 英 语 班 级 英 语 071 学 号 200736635122 学生姓名 夏菁菁 指导教师 周红 完成日期 2011.5.18 教 务 处 制二 o 一 一年 五 月 十 八 日|Analysis of Characteristics of Female Utterance from the Prospective of Hedges A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the B.A. Degree in
2、English Language and Literature By Xia Jing-jing Supervisor: Zhou Hong Academic Title: Professor College of Foreign LanguagesJiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, P.R.C. May 18, 2011|诚 信 声 明我声明,所呈交的论文(设计)是本人在老师指导下 进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。据我查证,除了文 中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文(设计)中不包含 其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含为获得 或其他教育机构的学
3、位或证书而使用过的 材料。我承诺,论文(设计)中的所有内容均真实、可信。论文(设计)作者签名: 签名日期: 年 月 日|授 权 声 明 学校有权保留送交论文(设计)的原件,允许论文(设计) 被查阅和借阅,学校可以公布论文(设计)的全部或部分 内容,可以影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文(设计) , 学校必须严格按照授权对论文(设计)进行处理,不得超越 授权对论文(设计)进行任意处置。论文(设计)作者签名: 签名日期: 年 月 日|摘 要作为模糊语言家族的一个组成部分,模糊限制语是其中最普遍、最典型的、 最具研究价值的语言现象。研究表明,与男性相比,女性更倾向于高频率地使 用模糊限制语,因此,模糊
4、限制语已成为女性话语的一个重要特征。本文首先 以 2009年,2010年奥斯卡奖项以及 2010年 MTV 这三场国际性影视颁奖典礼 上女性获奖感言为语料,着重分析获奖感言中女性使用模糊限制语的原因:生 理因素,心理因素,言语话题需要,工作性质,探究模糊限制语在女性话语中 的语用功能,合理地使用模糊限制语可以使得会话更加精确,同时展示说话人 的礼貌,保护自我,展示自我,使读者了解到模糊限制语在女性话语中发挥着 不可忽视的意义。 关键词:模糊限制语; 女性话语; 原因; 语用功能|Abstract As a part of the fuzzy language, hedges are the m
5、ost common, typical, and of most worthy researching in all of the language phenomena. It shows that female, compared with male, tend to make use of hedges frequently. Therefore, hedges have become a distinguishing feature in the female utterance. Based on the females speech on several award presenta
6、tion ceremonies of international film and television circles, this thesis emphatically looks into the factors of hedges in the female utterance, namely physiological factor, psychological factor, the factor of utterance topic, and the factor of working environment, analyzes the pragmatic functions o
7、f hedges in the female utterance .The appropriate use of hedge in female utterance is able to achieve the relative precision of communication, show courtesy, protect herself and present herself, which makes readers aware of the hedges greater influence in the female utterance. Key Words: hedges; fem
8、ale utterance; factors; pragmatic functions|Contents 1. Introduction.1 2. Hedges.22.1 The Definition of Hedges22.2 The Classification of Hedges.22.3 The Structure of Hedges.3 3. Analysis of Material .4 4. The Factors for Hedges Used Frequently in Female Utterance.54.1 Physiological Factor.64.2 Psych
9、ological Factor.64.3 The Factor of Utterance Topic .74.4 The Factor of Working Environment8 5. The Pragmatic Functions of Hedges.95.1 The Relative Precision of Communication.95.2 Showing Courtesy.105.3 Self-protection like some suffixes ish, -likely, -ly , once they are added to words, these words m
10、ay become hedges; some words indicate speakers hesitation or uncertainty, acting as adverbials of manner or adverbials of degree; when someone expresses oneself, he /she makes use of sentence structure in order to show more polite. Kasper (1981) regarded hedges as downgrader: face marker, such as “p
11、lease”, “could”; understater, like “a little”; subjectivizer,like “im afraid”; downtoner, such as “probably” , “maybe”; cajoler, like “you know”; appealer, like “right”; hesitation marker, like “well”; limiter, like “this weekend”. In our country, according to He Zirans research, hedges consist of a
12、pproximations and shields. From the board semantic characters, Chen Linhua (1994) divides hedges into five types: degree, range, quality, quantity and manner. Semantic hedges and pragmatic hedges under the degree of hedges depending on contexts make |up of hedges proposed by Gao Xiaofang and Zhang Q
13、in. Whats more, Zhao Yinglin classifies hedges of science and technology language into three parts: accuracy- oriented hedges, author-oriented hedges and reader-oriented hedges in accordance with hedges functions and restrictive range. However, so far the most influential and widely recognized one i
14、s proposed by E. F. Prince and his colleagues, J. Frader and C. Bosk from the point of pragmatics. AdaptorsApproximators Rounders Hedges Plausibility shieldsShields Attribution shields2.3 The structure of hedges Approximators can alter the original meaning of discourse structure, or make some change
15、s of the original words to some extend based on the practical situation, or give a fluctuating range to the original words. Adaptors are those that can reveal the true extent of differences in discourse, while rounders are those that limit fluctuating range. On the contrary, shields dont change the
16、original meaning of discourse structure. It is just addition of an explanation which makes original affirmative tone towards relaxation. Plausibility are those speakers pluzz or doubt the theme, while shields shows speakers uncertainty of the theme, but it borrows the third persons opinion in order
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