大学英语四级模拟题七(含答案~).doc
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1、|大学英语四级模拟题七Part I (15) Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Major-hopping. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words, and base your composition on the outline given below:1. 一些人在学习中坚持不换专业;2. 必要时应
2、考虑更换学习的专业;3. 我的看法。My View on Major-hopping Part II (10) Skimming and Scanning (15 minutes)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the informa
3、tion is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet. Companies must decide: Is a business trip worth it?Competition can spur travelABusiness travel dropped precipitously last year
4、. The U.S. Travel Association says roughly $215 billion was spent on business travel in 2009, down from $244 billion in 2008. The travel industry predicts an uptick this year. There was a 1.5% increase in spending on travel and entertainment during the first quarter of 2010 compared with that period
5、 last year, says Mike McCormick, executive director of the National Business Travel Association, or NBTA, and a 2.8% increase during the first quarter of 2010 over the fourth quarter of 2009.BAnd that travel can spur more for competitive reasons. “The stabilizing and growing economy puts companies,
6、competitors, back out on the road especially the sales departments,“ says Kevin Mitchell of the Business Travel Coalition. “So you cant really sit back like you were able to comfortably do through most of 2009, comforted in the knowledge that most of your competitors were scaling travel way back as
7、well.“CSome business-travel analysts say that for businesses to profit and grow, travel is essential. An NBTA study conducted by IHS Global Insight determined that for every dollar spent on corporate travel, the average business would see $15 in profits. “The only way to grow sales is to go out and
8、get them,“ McCormick says. “All it takes is for (a company) to lose that piece of business because their competitor showed up and they didnt, and theyre back on the road.“DUltimately when evaluating whether to hit the road, corporate travel experts say, companies are trying to figure if the potentia
9、l for revenue in the near future or down the line is greater than the cost of the trip. Such decisions are often as much art as science. They depend on many factors, including a companys priorities, the service or product its selling, and the status of a particular client relationship and transactio
10、n. E“Its very much down to individual companies and what they prioritize,“ says Eric Bausman, of Carlson Wagonlit Travel, a global firm that helps companies manage corporate travel programs. “Typically . those initial introductory meetings, the very first sales calls until you make the sale, those a
11、re the ones you really target for being in the room with the customer.“ Once a relationship is established, Bausman says, a business might consider visiting the client less frequently, supplementing “those trips with virtual meetings: cellphone calls, Web meetings and video conferences.“Giving techn
12、ology a tryFThe economic downturn has compelled many businesses to consider or better utilize virtual meeting technology, corporate travel experts say. Options include telephone conference calls, streaming a meeting via the Internet, or telepresencing, in which large screens can make meeting partici
13、pants in another part of the world appear to be practically sitting across the conference table. The Association of Corporate Travel Executives says the percentage of its members who were “seriously looking“ into using videoconferencing rose from 21% in 2007 to 81% in 2009. The cost of communication
14、 technology has dropped and quality has improved, industry analysts say.GMegan Costello, executive director of the Association of Corporate Travel Executives, says its increasingly being used by companies to cut down on internal meetings that would require travel trips that many of the associations
15、members said were using up to 40% of the corporate travel budget but not producing revenue.HAn American Express Business Travel survey conducted in January found 74% of respondents said they use or plan to use audio conferencing as an alternative to travel, while 71.6% were using or planned to use W
16、eb-based online conferencing or videoconferencing as an option. “In the vast majority of our client discussions . in terms of new enhancements with our program or areas of interest theyd like us to explore, virtual meetings are always at the top of the list,“ says Issa Jouaneh, a vice president at A
17、merican Express Business Travel.IAmerican Express Business Travel launched its virtual-meeting expert service in August. Consultants work with a client considering a corporate trip, asking about the meetings goals |and such things as the number of people who would attend. Based on the answers, they
18、advise whether a virtual meeting might be more efficient.JMany businesses are also using corporate online booking tools to help would-be road warriors decide whether to go or stay. GetThere a business unit of Sabre Travel network, which provides such a tool says that last year many companies moved t
19、he question asking about the purpose of the trip from the end of the booking process to the beginning. Depending on the reason you give “training,“ for example, or “customer visit“ a message is triggered as to whether to consider an alternative such as a Web conference or if youll need to get approv
20、al for the trip. Of GetTheres more than 3,000 clients, the number using dynamic messaging which also advises on preferred suppliers if you are going to take the trip more than doubled last year.KEventually, says Chris Kroeger, GetTheres president, the booking tool could calculate which way to go. Bu
21、t even if the dollar figures say a teleconference is the way to go, Kroeger says, the person involved should be able to say if the meeting is best done face-to-face.When only a meeting will doLAlthough some advisers expect some business trips will be replaced by technology, they say technology wont
22、become a wholesale substitute for meeting in-person. “Its not that were going to suddenly switch from all meetings face-to-face to all by virtue of technology,“ says John Millikin, who teaches strategy and human resources management at Arizona State University. “You may have a rise in the use of tec
23、hnology to supplement face-to-face meetings so that you are getting a little bit of the better of two worlds.“MLast year, Knight, the machinery company executive from Columbus, says his business trips were reduced by at least 25%. He adds that his company has used videoconferencing for some training
24、 and is exploring using it for other purposes as well. Still, he says, “I just dont believe you can exactly boil it down to: Here are guidelines. Either you can close business with this trip or theres no trip. I think thats a mistake.“ The impact of each trip has to be examined, Knight says. “There
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