2022年英语虚拟语气的用法详解.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载虚拟语气的用法荟萃一:概念: 虚拟语气是指和现实情形相反的假设,望;二:虚拟语气涉及的情形:是对真实情形的主观臆想或是一种主观愿1用在由 if 引导的非真实条件句中 ;条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句;A真实条件句:即条件是可实现的客观事实或者真实情形;如: If you heat ice, it melts. 融解 If I make a promise, I keep it. If we catch the early bus, we willshall,can, may,get there by lunch time.
2、 If it is fine tomorrow, we can play basketball. 客观事实 If it rains, I go to school on foot. BIf 引导的非真实条件句中,即虚拟条件句中;主要涉及到对三种情形的虚拟:对过去的虚拟;对现在的虚拟;对将来的虚拟;谓语动词的时态变化符合“ 倒退一步法”;对过去真实情形的虚拟,或者对过去事实完全相反的假设:公式:if had + V-ed 分词(从句) , Would(could,might,should ) + have+ V-ed 分词 (主句)如: If we had started earlier, we
3、 should not have missed the train. If she hadn t been ill , she might have come. If they had helped us, we would have finished the task. 实际上没帮 If I had made good prepatation, I wouldnt have lost the job. 对现在真实情形的虚拟,或者对现在真实情形相反的假设:公式:If .+V- 过去式 be 多用 were,.+would/should/could/might + 动词原形 If I were
4、a bird, I would fly to the top of Mount Hua. If I had time, I would go to the movies with you. 实际上没时间 If I had enough money, I would buy that new toy for you. 对将来情形相反的假设:公式:If ;+动词过去式 /should + 动词原形 /were to + 动词原形 ,;+would/should/could/might + 动 词原形If it should/were to/ rain tomorrow, I would stay
5、at home.下雨的可能性很小 If Kobe should come to our village, I would take photos with him. 留意:虚拟语气的倒装语序:上述 1,2,3 三种时态的虚拟句中,假如 if 从句里含有should, had, were 或其他助动词 ,就可将从属连词 部分倒装 . if 省去 ,将助动词 .情态动词 .be 或 have 放在句首形成If I had time, I would have done that yesterday. =Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday
6、. If I were you, I would go to the party. =Were I you, I would go to the party. If it shouldrain tomorrow, I would stay at home 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载=Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 2)错综时间 if 虚拟条件句通常情形下 ,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一样的 , 但有时也可能指不
7、同的时间 ,这时要依据上下文的意思采纳不同的谓语动词形式 . 如: If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 从句指一般情形 , 主句指过去 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. 从句指过去 ,主句指现在. If I had bought that ticket last night, I would go to the theater 3)that 从句及其他特别句型中的虚拟语气:剧院 with you tomorrow. A在 sug
8、gest, order(命令)demand(要求) ,request(要求), require(要求), propose(建议) ,move(提议), command,(指挥), recommend(举荐) , decide, insist(坚持) , desire(期望) , urge(督促)等动词后的宾语从句中要用“ should +动词原形 ” 来表示愿望,建议 , 命令 ,要求等 ; 注 意 : 由 上 述 动 词 派 生 或 转 化 的 名 词 形 式 , 如suggestion, proposal, plan, motion, recommendation, demand, ord
9、er, desire, request, requirement, insistence, advice, decision , )等的 同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式 . 如:宾语从句如下表:He ordered (that) all the books should be sent at once. I propose that he should be chosen as the monitor 班长 The teacher demanded that all the students should hand in their notebooks after class. T
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