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1、01此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示02此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示03此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示04此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示CONTENTS目 录历史建筑保护设计Historic building protection designCONFIDENCERESPONSIBILITYCRAFTSMANSPIRIT历史使命感HISTORICALPRESERVATION本章要点保护与修复的概念2.1国际上历史建筑保护发展历程欧洲历史建筑保护与修复的起源3.13.2我国历史建筑保护发展历程3.32.22.32.42.2 Origin of conservation and restorati
2、on of European historic buildings2.3The development of the conservation of historical buildings in the world.2.1The concept of conservation and restoration2.4Development of Historic Building Conservation in China2.3 国际上历史建筑保护发展历程2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式 2.3.2 动态适应性保护方式 2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoratio
3、n2.3The development of the conservation of historical buildings in the world.2.3.2Dynamic Adaptive Use2.3 国际上历史建筑保护发展历程2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式 2.3.2 动态适应性保护方式 2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoration2.3The development of the conservation of historical buildings in the world.法国学派意大利学派2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式19世纪初下半叶世
4、纪初下半叶英国学派20世纪初前半叶世纪初前半叶2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoration in the early 19th centuryThe French school of conservationThe British school of conservationThe Italian school of conservationThe first half of the 20th century风格式修复是修缮性建筑更新理论的开端针对哥特建筑的修复包含以下观点:修复文物建筑要追求艺术完美,风格统一;不仅要有外部风格的修复,也要有内部结构的修复;
5、修复要建立在科学研究的基础上,要根据具体情况办事,而不应该采取绝对化的原则;The theory of restoration of this system is mainly for the restoration of Gothic buildings.Four points of view are included:1)Restoration of cultural relics architecture should pursue artistic perfection and style unity;2)It is necessary not only to restore the
6、external style,but also to restore the internal structure to a complete state.3)Restoration should be based on scientific research,and should be analyzed according to the specific situation,and should not adopt the absolute principle.It is mainly for the restoration of Gothic buildings2.3.1 早期的保护修复方
7、式2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoration奥菜勒杜克(EugeneViollet-le-Duc 1814-1879)背景:18世纪末法国大革命中对古建筑的保护地点:法国代表人物:奥莱勒杜克(EugeneViollet-le-Duc 1814-1879)n 法国风格式修复的领军人物,理论家、教育家,实践者。n 领衔完成了诸多影响深远的大型工程,如亚眠大教堂、兰斯大教堂、巴黎圣母院。(1)风格式修复 stylistic restorationa leading figure in the French stylistic restoration,was no
8、t only a theorist,educator,but also a practitioner.He led many far-reaching projects,such as Amiens Cathedral,Lance Cathedral,Notre Dame de Paris.The conservation of ancient buildings during the French Revolution in the late 18th century2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoration1864年教堂西
9、立面1844年教堂西立面West facade of the church,1844West facade of the church,18642.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restorationn 西面的哥特风格雕刻因其在法国大革命时剥落,是以沙特尔、兰斯、亚眠大教堂的雕刻品为摹本新创造的。1864年,杜克完成了巴黎圣母院的修复工程n 彩色玻璃 杜克依照个人趣味仿“伪哥特式”n 重建了在教堂拉丁十字交叉的地方矗立的尖塔。In 1864,Duc completed the restoration of Notre DameHe even
10、 rebuilt the minaret,standing at the Latin cross of the church2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoration1850S修复,170年又一次遭遇毁坏一千多根百年橡木制成尖塔创造性he reconstructed the spire with more than a thousand century-old oaks Ducs outstanding restoration 170 years ago was unfortunately destroyed in 2019
11、by an accidental leak of electricity that caused the fire.creative2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoration保护性修缮 拉斯金 建筑的七盏明灯和威尼斯之石运动背景:19世纪下半叶整个欧洲大量的“修复狂潮”,“原真性”的破坏。地点:英国代表人物:约翰拉斯金,莫里斯观点:人对古物产生的情感;用保护(Protection)来代替修复(Resto-ration)(2)“反修复”运动(2)Anti-restoration campaign protective repai
12、rsthe authenticity of historic buildings suffered destruction.John Ruskin and MauricePeoples feelings for ancient building;To replace restoration with protectionSeven Light Lanterns of Architecture and The Stone of Venice by Ruskin For the restoration frenzy of the 19th Century,2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1
13、Early Conservation and Restoration“古建筑保护协会”(莫里斯)古建筑保护协会成立宣言(1)修复古建筑是根本不可能的,所谓修复,就是把古建筑的历史面貌破坏掉,使古建筑成为一个毫无生命的假古董;(2)要用“保护”代替“修复”,保护古建筑身上的全部历史信息,用经常的维护来防止它们的败坏;(3)为了加固或遮盖而用的措施,都要易于识别,绝不篡改古建筑的本体和装饰。过于消极过于浪漫理想化(2)”反修复”运动(2)Anti-restoration campaignThe Declaration on the Establishment of the Cultural Her
14、itage Conservation Association Maurice founded the Ancient Architecture Conservation Association.(1)It is impossible to restore an ancient building.The so-called restoration is to destroy the historical face of the ancient building and make the ancient building a lifeless fake antique.too negative(2
15、)To replace restoration with protection,to protect all historical information on ancient buildings and to prevent their deterioration with regular maintenance;-too romantic(3)All measures used for strengthening or covering shall be easily identifiable and shall not alter the body and decoration of a
16、ncient buildings.too romantic2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoration“修复浪潮”“反修复”(3)修缮性更新意大利意大利古建筑修复的理论根基“修复浪潮”“反修复”不赞成拉斯金等,“纯粹的保护”会使历史遗迹沦为废墟,而达不到真正意义上的历史建筑保护。反对反对风格性修复的做法,认为这种做法是对历史建筑最大程度的破坏,无异于重建。“修复浪潮”“反修复”折中restoration waveanti-restoration They disapprove of Ruskin and others,argui
17、ng that pure preservation will make historical sites ruins,which is not the true protection of historical buildings.Opposing stylistic restoration as a way of maximizing damage to historic buildings is tantamount to reconstruction.(3)The Renovation Theory of ItalyThe theoretical foundation of ancien
18、t Architecture restoration in Italycompromise2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoration“修复浪潮”“反修复”背景:法国为首的“修复浪潮”和以英国为首的“反修复”运动针锋相对代表人物:卡米洛波依托(3)修缮性更新意大利1)文献性修复(3)The Renovation Theory of Italy1)documentary restorationThe restoration wave of the historic buildings led by France and the a
19、nti-restoration movement led by Britain fought each other.Camillo Boito 2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoration“修复浪潮”“反修复”代表人物:卢卡贝尔特拉米(意大利第一位现代保护建筑师)观点:波依托“文献性修复”理论与杜克“风格性修复”理论的中和。形式完整性文献性修复风格性修复2)历史性修复(3)修缮性更新意大利(3)The Renovation Theory of Italy2)historical restorationA neutralizati
20、on of the theory of documentary restoration by Boito and the theory of historical restoration by Beltmila documentary restorationstylistic restorationpracticeLuca Beltrami(Italys first modern conservation architect)2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoration2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1 Early Con
21、servation and Restoration“修复浪潮”“反修复”代表人物:乔瓦诺尼(意大利工程师)观点:提出了“城市遗产”的概念(城镇规划与古城)雅典宪章1933年3)科学性性修复(3)修缮性更新意大利3)scientific restoration(3)The Renovation Theory of ItalyGiovannoniAthens charterProposed the concept of urban heritage Town Planning and Ancient City2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1 Early Conservation and R
22、estoration“反修复”n 历史建筑是文化、社会史的见证,它的价值是多维的,保护工作应着眼于其所涵盖的全部历史信息;n 尊重历史建筑完整的生命周期,历史建筑初始的,后续的改动加建或缺失的部分都是重要的史料,应受到同等的重视并加以保护;4)保护与理论观点(3)修缮性更新意大利(3)The Renovation Theory of ItalyHistoric building is the testimony of cultural and social history.Its value is multidimensional.The protection should focus on
23、all historical information covered by it.respect the whole life cycle of historical buildings.The original,subsequent changes and additions or missing parts of historic buildings are important historical materials,and should be given equal attention and protection4)Conservation and theoretical views
24、2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoration“修复浪潮”“反修复”n 要客观、无个性地研究历史建筑,不可片面追求恢复历史建筑的初始风格,更不能去“创造”并不存在的纯正风格;n 为保证历史建筑的功能性和完整性,修复可适当添加新元素,但新旧元素必须要明确区分并确保在此过程中不会对老元素造成破坏。4)保护与理论观点(3)修缮性更新意大利(3)The Renovation Theory of Italywe should study historic building objectively and without individual
25、ity,and we should not pursue the original style of historical architecture unilaterally,and we should not create the pure style that does not exist.in order to ensure the functionality and integrity of historic buildings,new elements may be added appropriately to the restoration,but new and old elem
26、ents must be clearly distinguished and ensured that the old elements will not be damaged in the process.4)Conservation and theoretical views2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式2.3.1 Early Conservation and Restoration2.3 国际上历史建筑保护发展历程2.3.1 早期的保护修复方式 2.3.2 动态适应性利用方式 2.3.2Dynamic Adaptive Use“修复浪潮”“反修复”文物建筑(1)威尼斯宪章19642.3.
27、2 动态适应性利用方式一般性历史建筑再利用保护修复为社会公益而使用文物建筑,有利于它的保护历史性文物建筑不仅适用于伟大的艺术品,也适用于由于时光流逝而获得文化意义的在过去比较不重要的作品the Venice Charterhistoric cultural relicsthis concept applies not only to great works of art but also to works of less importance in the past that have acquired cultural significance as a result of the pass
28、age of time.cultural relicsgeneral historic buildingsconservation restorationreusingusing cultural relics for the public good is beneficial to its protection2.3.2 Dynamic Adaptive Use老城堡博物馆 1955年1957年卡洛斯卡帕(Carlo Scarpa)Museo di Castelvecchio2.3.2 动态适应性利用方式2.3.2 Dynamic Adaptive Use2.3.2 动态适应性利用方式2.3
29、.2 Dynamic Adaptive Use“修复浪潮”“反修复”(2)内罗毕建议1976 将周边环境纳入保护范围的同时,提出成立跨学科小组制定保护事宜;“保护和修复工作应与振兴活动齐头并进”The Nairobi RecommendationsIt proposed the establishment of an interdisciplinary team to develop protection issues while advocating for the inclusion of the surrounding environment in the scope of protec
30、tionconservation and restoration should go hand in hand with revitalization activities2.3.2 动态适应性利用方式2.3.2 Dynamic Adaptive Use“修复浪潮”“反修复”(3)巴拉宪章1979“保护性利用”“对某一场所进行延续性、调整性和修复性利用是合理且理想的保护方式,这些利用方式可能会改变重要构造,但应将改变降至最低。”The Bala Charterprotective usereasonable and desirable for the continuity,adaptation
31、 and restorative use of a site,which may alter important structures but should be minimized.2.3.2 动态适应性利用方式2.3.2 Dynamic Adaptive Use 国际文化遗产保护观念发展整体国际立法全局个体局部国家立法单纯 静态保存积极 动态保护文化遗产保护观念20世纪六十年代至今19世纪初20世纪六十年代Early 19th century-1960s1960s-presentDevelopment of international cultural heritage protection conceptConcept of cultural heritage protectionNational legislationLocal globalindividualwholepurepositiveStatic saveDynamic protectionInternational legislation2.3.2 动态适应性利用方式2.3.2 Dynamic Adaptive Use
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