论语境在文学翻译中的作用.doc
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1、Abstract : Malinowski,a prominent anthropologist,first puts forward the concept of context in the 1920s. In the following years , more and more scholars realize the importance of context with the develepoment of semantics and pragmatics.Introduction :Chapter One : The Introduction of Study of Contex
2、t and Translation 1.1 The Definition of ContextFrom the second half of 20th century,with the study of linguistic turned from attaching importance to the study of linguistic itself to strengthening the study of linguistic function ,many subject such as pragmatics、sociolinguistics、functional linguisti
3、cs、psychological linguistics、cultural linguistics 、practical linguistics emerged as the times required. From then on ,context has also been paid unprecedented attention .Many scholars commence to study context from all aspectsthe definition of context ,the character of context ,the features and type
4、s of context,the function of context and so on .Some point of viewes about context are fullly accepted in academic circles,but the study of context at present is still unsatisfaction. What is context ?Different scholars hold different opinions about the definition of context . “ Context include not
5、only the context of language but also situational context ”said by London school linguistican J.R-Firth. Besides,American sociolinguists Fishman puts forward that “Context is what someone said to another at sometime in someplacethat is social situation restricted by common behavior rules, which incl
6、ude time ,palce ,identity ,theme and such factors”. Wang Chun de,a Chinese scholar ,thought that “Context is the enviroment that we use the language”,he divided the enviroment into objective factors included time ,place ,partner,occasion and something like that and subjective factors contained thoug
7、hts of speakers ,identity ,characters,feelings. What can we find in the dictionary about the difinition of context is “Context is language enviroment ,which is the real enviroment when we use the language ,included certain situations (time ,site ,participants and so on ), language context and backgr
8、ound of social and culture.Even though there is no a piece of complete and standard definition on context ,each of definition about context has their own merits.we believe the definition of context will be more impeccable because some scholars is try to study context from new perspectives and defini
9、te context from different layers. 1.2 Previous Reseach of Context Malinowski ,a notable anthropologist ,first puts forward“context ” in 1923.He thought the types of context can be divied into two large divisions ,which are “context of culture”and “context of situation”. Firth,who also raises that th
10、e context was made up of two parts interlingual context and intralingual context ,and he goes along with the terminology of “context of situation”. Van dijk, a pioneer in this field,whose four-volume edition of the handbook of discourse analysis plays a great important role in the field of context.
11、Later,Hymes, Lyons, Goffman and Halliday interpreted context from varied perspectives.Hymes analyzed the feature elements of context came from the concrete situation of linguistics. But for a long time ,the term of “context ” had been used ambiguously ,to refer to the rest of the text in which a sen
12、tence occurs,and to the circumstances external to the text itself ,such as who the author of the text is ,and the social settings in which it occurs,which also contribute to its interpretation. More and more linguists realized the importance of context with the development of semantics and pragmatic
13、s in 1970s.They think that the meaning of language exists during the process of wielding.Hallidays Cohesion in English and Introduction to Functional Grammar contribute to better understand the English language on a textual level for us . Halliday has accepted their views and made many further resea
14、ches . “context of culture refers to peoples behavior mode in the specific cultural background” he thought. This mode restrains the generic structure. Context of situation refers to the field ,mode and tenor of discourse.Those ingredients have a great influence on the ideational ,textual and interpe
15、rsonal function of language.Later, lingustic books which approached to translation were introduced into China ,such as the works of Eugene Nida, Peter Newmarks, J.C.Catford, Georges Mounin.These books gave a great push to the application of lingustic theories to translation studies in China. 1.3 Bri
16、fe Introduction of Literary Translation According to the content and feature of translated text ,translation can be divided into different types, scientific translation ,business contact translation ,literary translation and many other types of translation .while ,literary translation, an artistic t
17、ranslation , is a major concern of translators .文学翻译绝不仅仅是机械的语言符号的转换过程 ,而是一项极为复杂的活动。作家矛盾先生从文学创作的角度提出文学翻译的审美性和艺术性,他给文学翻译所下的定义是“文学翻译是用另一种语言,把原作的艺术意境传达出来,使译文读者与原文读者能够得到相同的启发,感动和美的感受。(译文1954年10月)。程爱华从文化和语言两个角度探讨文学翻译,她认为“文学翻译就是文化传承与形态变异的辩证统一。”(程爱华 2005 :37)夏仲翼认为“文学翻译本身就是一种文学研究,它是有着一定文化艺术素养,特定时代历史背景,某种政治思想
18、倾向的读者的“解读”。” (夏仲翼1998 :14)Literary translation needs translators grasp the idea and artistic style of the original content and reproduce the original artistic image and artistic style appropriately with another language . 1.4 Brife Itroduction of Pride and Prejudice (作者、写作风格、创作背景、译本)Pride and prejud
19、ice is a novel written by Jane Austen (16 December 1775-18 July 1817),who was an English novelist . Pride and Prejudice is one of Jane Austens most famous works ,first published in 1813. The story follows the main character Elizabeth Bennet as she deals with issues of manners ,upbring ,morality ,edu
20、cation,and marriage in the siciety of the landed gentry of early 19th-centry England .Elizabeth is the second of five daughters of a country gentleman living near the fictional town of Meryton in Hertfordshire. Mr Bingley,a wealthy,charming and social young bachelor,moving into Netherfield Park in t
21、he neighbourhood of the Bennet family .Mr Bingley is soon well received ,while his friend Mr Darcy makes a less favorable first impression by appearing proud and condescending at a ball that they attend .Mr Bingley singles out Elizabeths elder sister ,Jane ,for particular attention ,and it soon beca
22、mes apparent that they have formed an attachment to each other .By contrast , Darcy slights Elizabeth, who overhears and jokes about it despite feeling a budding resentment. On paying a visit to Mr Bingleys sister ,Jane is caught in a heavy downpour ,catches cold ,and is forced to stay at Netherfiel
23、d for several days .Elizabeth arrives to nurse her sister and is thrown into frequent company with Mr Darcy ,who begins to perceive his attachment to her, but is too proud to proceed on this feeling . Mr Collins,a clergyman,pays a visit to the Bennets .Mr Bennet and Elizabeth are much amused his obs
24、equious veneration of his employer,the noble Lady Catherine de Bourgh, as well as by his self-important and pedantic nature .It soon becomes apparent that Mr Collins has come to Longbourn to choose a wife from among the Bennet sisters and Elizabeth has been singled out .At the same time ,Elizabeth f
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