工程热力学EngineeringThermodynamics工程热力学工程热力学.ppt
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1、工程热力学EngineeringThermodynamics工程热力学工程热力学 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望教师介绍教师介绍 赵赵 蕾蕾,博士,副教授博士,副教授,硕士生导师硕士生导师 环境与市政工程学院环境与市政工程学院Address:环境与市政工程学院实验教学楼:环境与市政工程学院实验教学楼206室热工流力教研室室热工流力教研室Tel:82202185E-mail:助教介绍助教介绍Name:Address:高层研究生公寓:高层研究生公寓Te
2、l:Introduction(绪论绪论)What does thermodynamics concern?Main Contents of Engineering ThermodynamicsSome Requirements for this course Thermodynamics can be defined as a branch of science of energy.heatThermedynamispower(Greek words)热能热能 Thermal Energy工程热力学是重要的工程热力学是重要的技术基础课技术基础课0.1 What does thermodynam
3、ics concerns?(热力学涉及哪些内容热力学涉及哪些内容?)1.Thermodynamics is the branch of science which studies the rule that governs the transformation of thermal energy to other forms of energy.Also it studies how to use thermal energy efficiently.工程热力学工程热力学是一门研究是一门研究热能热能有效利用及有效利用及热能热能和和其它形式其它形式能量能量转换规律的科学转换规律的科学 It in
4、cludes all aspects of energy and energy transformations(能量转换)(能量转换),including power generation,refrigeration and relationships among the properties of matter.热电厂热电厂(热能热能机械能机械能)Thermal Power Plant(Thermal Energy Mechanical Energy飞机飞机(热能热能机械能机械能)Aeroplane(Thermal Energy Mechanical Energy汽车汽车(热能热能机械能机械
5、能)Vehicle(Thermal Energy Mechanical Energy)冰箱冰箱(机械能机械能热能热能)Refrigerator(Mechanical Energy Thermal Energy?Why do we need to learn Engineering Why do we need to learn Engineering Thermodynamics?Thermodynamics?(1)自然能源的种类自然能源的种类(Categories of natural energy resources)A.化学能(化学能(Chemical energy):such as:煤
6、炭煤炭 (coal)石油石油 (crude oil)天然气(天然气(natural gas)沼气沼气 (firedamp,etc).2.自然界中的能源自然界中的能源(Natural energy resources)B.机械能(机械能(Mechanical energy)such as:风力资源风力资源(wind resources)水力资源水力资源 (water resources)潮汐能潮汐能 (tidal energy),etc.C.热热 能(能(Thermal energy)such as:太阳能(太阳能(solar energy)地热能(地热能(geothermal energy),
7、etc.D.原子能(原子能(Nuclear energy)Chemical energy Thermal energyFusion or fission reactionCombustion(燃烧)(燃烧)directly usedMechanical energy can be used directly.(核聚变或和裂变)核聚变或和裂变)(2)能源的利用(能源的利用(Utilization of Energy Resources)Thermal energyNuclear energy Thermal energy indirectly used能源转换与利用的关系能源转换与利用的关系(R
8、elationship between energy transformation and utilization)热热 能能电电 能能机机 械械 能能 风风能能水水能能化化学学能能核核能能地地热热能能太太阳阳能能一次能源一次能源(天然存在天然存在)二次能源二次能源 光光电电转转换换燃燃料料电电池池光光热热聚聚变变裂裂变变燃燃烧烧水水车车水水轮轮机机风风车车热机热机电电动动机机发发电电机机90%转转换换直接利用直接利用利利用用生物质生物质90%of energy resources are transformed into thermal energy before it is used.(3
9、)能量转换的共同点能量转换的共同点(A rule in common)Then,thermal energy is transformed into mechanical energy and used indirectly How can thermal energy be transformed into mechanical energy more efficiently?Thermal energy Mechanical energy(1)广泛性广泛性 universallyHeartthe heating and air-conditioning systems,the refrig
10、erator,humidifier,the pressure cooker,the water heater,the shower,the iron and even the computer.automotive engines,rockets,jet engines,and conventional and nuclear power plans,solar collector and the design of vehicles from ordinary cars to airplanes.transformed3.热力学的研究对象热力学的研究对象(What does Thermody
11、namics study?)Disorganized energy organized energy (无序能)(无序能)(有序能)(有序能)transformed(2)代表性(代表性(Representatively)(3)实用性实用性(Practicality)4.能量转换的一些实例能量转换的一些实例(Examples of Some energy transformation application)(1)火力发电装置火力发电装置(Steam power plant)火力发电装置基本特点火力发电装置基本特点锅锅炉炉汽轮机汽轮机 发电机发电机 给水泵给水泵 凝凝汽汽器器过热器过热器 1、热
12、源热源2、工质、工质 (水,蒸汽)(水,蒸汽)3、工质状态的变化、工质状态的变化(加压、加热、加压、加热、膨胀做功、放热膨胀做功、放热)4 4、冷源冷源Generalized Representation of Heat Engines(热机工作原理的示意)(热机工作原理的示意)热 源 (Hot Reservoir)冷冷 源源 (Cold Reservoir)How many W can be produced by absorbing QH?Is there any relationship between QH,QL and W?Is QL necessarily to be discha
13、rged to its surroundings,becoming waste energy?(2)内燃机内燃机装置装置Internal combustion engine空气、油空气、油废气废气吸气吸气压缩压缩点火点火膨胀膨胀排气排气内燃机内燃机装置装置基本特点基本特点1、热源热源2、工质(燃气)工质(燃气)3、工质经历状态变化、工质经历状态变化 (加压、加热、加压、加热、膨胀做功、放热膨胀做功、放热)4、冷源冷源 冰箱冰箱 (Refrigerator)(3)制冷空调制冷空调装置装置 Refrigeration System(3)制冷空调制冷空调装置装置 Refrigeration Syst
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