采矿新技术---停留在表面.ppt
《采矿新技术---停留在表面.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《采矿新技术---停留在表面.ppt(143页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、New Mining Technology采矿新技术李明1Mining technology:scratching the surface采矿技术:刻画(停留在)表面Mining is going through a rapid and profound transformation.It is becoming a global industry,increasingly dominated by a radically shrinking number of global mining companies.采矿业正在经历一个快速而深刻的变革。受到全球矿业公司数目急剧萎缩(不断减少的趋势)的
2、支配/控制,采矿业正在变成一个全球性的行业/产业。2Paradoxically,mining technology is not developing at anything like the same speed,even though some significant changes have taken place.Because mining is a global industry,its technologies are rapidly transferred between countries and there is not the same urgent competitiv
3、e incentive to develop proprietary technologies that one finds in many other industries.proprietary专利的/专利权的/私有的;incentive 刺激性的/鼓励性质的/诱发的奇怪的是,采矿技术并没有以同样的速度发展,即使已经发生了一些重大的变化。由于采矿是一项全球性的行业,其技术正在国家之间快速地转让,而且并没有像在其他许多行业中同样急迫的竞争去激励其开发专利技术。3Currently,mining companies are putting far more emphasis on findin
4、g new,higher-grade ore deposits worldwide than finding better ways to mine them.Demand for metals and minerals is up,and rising;so are prices.当前,矿业公司更加注重于在全球范围内寻找新的高品位的矿床而不是去寻找更好的方法去开采它们。对金属及矿物的需求量已经很大了,并且一直在增加/升高,同样它们的价格也在提高。4To some extent,the mining companies have actually withdrawn from the task
5、 of technological innovation as they focus on the urgent immediate goal of increasing production to keep up with demand.在一定程度上,矿业公司实际上已经撤消了科技创新的目标,因为它们把注意力集中在迫切的增加生产满足需求的直接目标上了。keep up with跟上5Further down the road,however,developing technology will not play as important a role in all sectors of mini
6、ng as it has in the past.Mining may not be the oldest profession,but is possibly the oldest industry the earliest known mine dates back 43,000 years.Technological progress has always been the key to keeping mineral depletion and mineral prices in balance.再这样下去的话,无论如何,在矿业各方面发展技术不会象以前那样发挥同等重要的作用了。矿业或许
7、不是最老的职业,但可能是最老的行业已知最早的矿可以追溯到43,000年前。科技进步始终是矿石损耗和矿石价格保持平衡的关键。6Since the early 1900s,the National Materials Advisory Board in the U.S.points out,a relentless search has been under way for new and innovative mining technologies that can improve health,safety,and productivity,as well as mitigate the ad
8、verse environmental and ecological impacts of mining.自20世纪初,美国的国家材料咨询委员会指出,对新型的和创新性的开采技术已经进行了不懈的研究,来改善健康、提升安全以及提高生产效率,也减轻采矿对环境和生态的不利影响。under way在进行中;7Mining technology innovations included the invention of the safety lamp,and safe use of dynamite for fragmentation,the safe use of electricity,the dev
9、elopment of continuous mining machines for cutting coal,the invention of rock bolts for ground support,open-pit mining technology for mining massive,low-grade deposits,and the introduction of longwall coal mining.采矿技术的创新包括安全灯的发明、炸药破碎的安全运用、安全用电、开发连续采煤机、发明岩石锚杆用于地层支护、露天矿开采技术用于开采厚大及低品位矿床和引进长壁式采煤。8The mi
10、ning industry is currently setting impressive records in underground and surface mine production,productivity,and health and safety in all sectors(metal,industrial minerals,and coal).目前,采矿业在地下和露天矿山的采矿生产、生产率、健康和安全等的所有(金属、工业矿物和煤炭)方面创立令人难忘的记录。9In spite of this,the industry needs more effective and effi
11、cient mining technologies.For example,the inability to ascertain the conditions ahead in the mining face can slow progress and create health and safety hazards.尽管如此,该行业需要更有效和效率高的矿产开采技术。例如,在无法探知回采工作面前方的状况时,会使工作进展缓慢和有健康、安全的危险。ascertain确定/探知;10As mining progresses to greater depths,the increase in rock
12、 stress requires innovative designs for ensuring the short and long term stability of the mine structure.随着采矿向更大的深度(深部)发展,岩石应力的增加需要创新的设计,以确保矿井结构的短期和长期的稳定。11“Truly continuous mining requires innovative fragmentation and material-handling systems,”said a 2002 report by the National Materials Advisory
13、Board.In addition,sensing,analyzing,and communicating data and information will become increasingly important.美国国家材料咨询委员会2002年的报告指出“真正连续的开采需要创新性的破碎和物料输送系统,”。此外,感测、分析和传输数据和信息将变得越来越重要”12Mining environments also present unique challenges to the design and operation of equipment.Innovative maintenance s
14、trategies,supported by modern monitoring technologies,will be necessary for increasing the operational life of equipment and the mining system as a whole.采矿环境也对设备的设计和操作提出了独特的要求。由现代监测技术支撑的创新性的维修策略,总体上对于提高设备和矿业系统的运行寿命将是必要的。13Mine technology development comes from a wide variety of sources.Some of the
15、most radical and promising innovations are adaptations of technologies originally devised for other industries.采矿技术/工艺的发展有一系列来源.最基本和最有前途的一些原始设计技术的创新是为了适合于其他的行业而进行的adapt for 使适合于/为改编;Advanced mine technology:some examples 先进采矿技术的一些实例14“Mining technology advancement today is progressing in several dis
16、tinct areas,”says Greg Baiden,Laurentian Universitys Canadian research chair in robotics and mine automation.“The main areas of advancement are computer systems for engineering and geology,voice and data communications and surface plant control.“现今采矿技术在几个明显不同的领域里发展进步,”加拿大(Laurentian)劳伦系大学的Greg Baide
17、n在研究讲座中在谈到机器人技术与采矿自动化时说到.主要的发展领域是工程与地质学,声音与数据传输以及露天机械控制的计算机系统方面.15Examples of the new technologies include mine design software,rock analysis software,and geology mapping software.Further advances in voice and data communications have seen the beginnings of tele-operation of mining equipment from LH
18、Ds(load-haul-dumps倾倒)and drills to robot arms.新技术的例子包括采矿设计软件、岩石分析软件以及地质绘图软件.在声音与数据传输方面的进一步发展已经看到了由从LHDS和钻机到机器人钻臂发展而带来的采矿设备的远程操作的开端.16Surface plants have gradually seen the introduction of relatively advanced process control technology.For example,fuzzy logic controllers have been applied to mill ope
19、ration.”露天机械也逐渐地引进了相对先进的加工控制技术。例如,模糊逻辑控制器已经被用于磨矿/破碎。The following examples are just a tiny selection of the multitude of innovations the industry is making use of.以下的例子仅仅是工业中正在应用的大量改革中的极少的几个方面/选择17Smart mining全自动化采矿Declan Vogt,in charge of mining research for South Africas Council for Scientific and
20、 Industrial Research(CSIR),is impressed with the potential of smart mining and its emphasis on measurement and precision to increase productivity.南非科学与工业研究委员会负责采矿研究的Declan vogt 对全自动化采矿的潜力以及它重点强调测量和精度以提高生产率印象深刻 18“There is scope for mining to catch up with other industrial processes,”he says.“Many of
21、 these are well measured and hence can be well controlled,while underground mining is not well measured in real time.So there is scope for considerable process improvement.他说:”对于采矿业来说,赶上其他的行业进程还有机会,”其他的很多行业被精心测量/调节,因此能被充分控制,然而地下采矿不能被很好的实时测量,因此还有大量改进的余地.19As cheap wireless sensors become more widely
22、available,it will become possible to measure the mining process as completely as,for example,a petrochemical process.We can expect to see similar productivity improvements as those already seen in other industries when the loop is closed and control is applied.”正如便宜的无线传感器利用的更广泛一样,象调节石化过程一样,调节/测量采矿过程
23、成为可能.当回路/循环闭合且控制/调节应用时,我们期待看到那些已经在其他行业中看到的相同的生产率的提高 20 Processing选矿An example of what mining companies are doing in-house to improve their bottom lines and mining technology as a whole is Phelps Dodges copper concentrate leaching plant in Arizona,commissioned in 2003.矿业公司正在做室内试验用来提高他们的关键技术和开采技术,一个实例
24、就是在亚利桑那州的Phelps Dodge公司的铜精矿过滤机械,并于2003年投入使用 leaching浸出/滤出;concentrate集中/浓缩/精矿;commission委托/服役/授权;21It was the first commercial facility to use pressure leaching to treat chalcopyrite concentrates.Chalcopyrite ores account for about 70%of the worlds known copper reserves.Concentrated pressure leachin
25、g provides an economical alternative to conventional smelting and refining methods for these concentrates.这是首次采用商用设备压浸处理黄铜矿精矿黄铜矿矿石约占世界已知铜储量的70%精矿压浸过滤提供了一种经济的可替代传统的熔炼和精炼的精矿浓缩法.22The National Materials Advisory Board points out that the most important transformation of the mineral industry in the next
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 采矿 新技术 停留 表面
限制150内