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1、英美文学3素材Backgroundvwestwardexpansion西部扩张vIndustrialtransformation工业的发展vDemocracyandequalityvSenseofoptimismvMoodoffeelinggoodAmericanRomanticismvAderivative派生出来的vUnderforeigninfluence:EnglishRomanticistsvCommonfeatures:v1.theimaginativeandemotionalqualitiesofliteraturev2.freeexpressionofemotionv3.the
2、individualandthecommonmanvUniquefeatures:v1.pioneeringintothewest-amescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturev2.AmericanPuritanism清教思想:tomoralize,originalsinandmysteryofevilv3.NewEnglandTranscendentalism新英格兰先验主义PuritanismvthepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritansvserious,religiouspeople,advocatinghighlyreligiou
3、sandmoralprinciples.vpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravityvaenduringinfluenceonAmericanliteratureNewEnglandTranscendentalismv新英格兰先验主义vStartedbyagroupofpeoplewhoweremembersofthetranscendentalclub.vTwomostsignificantwriters:EmersonandThoreauvEmphasis:thenatureandindividual(p.402)MajorwritersvPoe
4、ts:vPhilipFreneau菲利普弗伦诺vWilliamCullenBryant威廉柯伦布莱恩特vHenryWordsworthLongfellow;朗费罗vEdgarEllenPoe;爱伦坡vWaltWhitman惠特曼vWashingtonIving华盛顿欧文vJamesFenimoreCooper库柏vHermanMelville赫尔曼麦尔维尔vNathanielHawthorne霍桑vRalphWaldoEmerson爱默生爱默生WashingtonIrving华盛顿欧文vEarlyromanticistvOneofthefirstAmericanwriterstoearnani
5、nternationalreputationvFatherofAmericanshortstoriesvAmericanGoldsmith美国炼金士(p.406)HisworksvTheSketchBook见闻札记33essaysvRipVanWinkle瑞普凡温克尔vTheLegendofSleepyHollow睡谷传奇vFromGermanlegend.RalphWaldoEmersonvSpokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism(新英格兰先验主义的代言人)vTranscendentalClubvNatureanunofficialmanifesto宣言书
6、NewEnglandTranscendentalismvOver-soulanall-pervadingpowervIndividualintuitiveknowledgeandselfreliantvNatureemblematicofthespiritualworldvNaturetheUnofficialmanifestovHenryDavidThoreau梭罗Walden瓦尔登湖HisessaysvAmericanScholar美国学者vSelfReliance自力更生vTheOver-soul超灵vTheNature自然NathanielHawthorne(霍桑)vPuritanfa
7、milyvAncestorsvBlackvisionoflifeandhumanbeings.vThisisevilineveryhumanheart.HisworksvTwice-ToldTales故事重述acollectionofshortstoryvMossesfromanOldManse古宅青苔vTheSnow-ImageandOtherTwice-ToldTalesvTheScarletLetter红字vTheHouseoftheSevenGables有七个尖角阁楼的房子vTheBlithedaleRomance福谷传奇vTheMarbleFaun大理石雕像vYoungGoodman
8、Brown年轻小伙子布朗Blackvision黑色观点vThereisevilineveryhumanheart.vSinandevilvOriginatesinPuritanism(Puritanancestors)vThewrongdoingofonegenerationlivesintothesuccessiveone.TheScarletLetter红字vHismasterpiecevPuritanpastvColonialhistoryinNewEnglandvSinandguiltvPsychologicalanalysisCharactersvHestervDimmesdalev
9、ChillingworthvPearlvThescarletletter“A”vSymbolism象征(p.434)vA:adultery,able,angelYoungGoodmanBrownv年轻小伙子布朗vAallegory寓言vCharacters:vGoodmanBrownvFaithWaltWhitman惠特曼惠特曼vLeaveofGrass草叶集vPoeticembodimentofAmericandemocraticideals.vTheme:Openness,freedom,individualismvPoetic“I”andfreeverse自由诗ThereWasaChil
10、dWentForthv有一个孩子向前走去vthegrowthofachildwholearnedabouttheworldaroundhimandimprovedhimselfaccordingly.InthepoemWhitmansownearlyexperiencemaywellbeidentifiedwiththechildhoodofayoung,growingAmerica.Songofmyself自我之歌vUniversality普遍性vSingularity独特性andequality平等ofallbeingsinvalue.翻译v我赞美我自己,歌唱我自己,v我承担的你也将承担,
11、v因为属于我的每一个原子也同样属于你。v我闲步,还邀请了我的灵魂,v我俯身悠然观察着一片夏日的草叶。v我的舌,我血液的每个原子,是在这片土壤、这个空气里形成的,v是这里的父母生下的,父母的父母也是在这里生下的,他们的父母也一样,v我,现在三十七岁,一生下身体就十分健康,v希望永远如此,直到死去。v信条和学派暂时不论,v且后退一步,明了它们当前的情况已足,但也决不是忘记,v不论我从善从恶,我允许随意发表意见,v顺乎自然,保持原始的活力。HermanMelvillev赫尔曼麦尔维尔vWenttoseaatabout20vWorkedonwhalingship(捕鲸船)vGainedfirst-ha
12、ndinformationaboutwhalingthatheusedlaterinMobyDick(白鲸)InfluencedbyvHawthornesblackvision霍桑的黑色观vShakespeareantragicvision莎士比亚的悲剧观vEmersonianTranscendentalism艾默生的先验主义Majorworks:vTypee泰比vOmio欧穆vMardi玛地vRedburn莱德伯恩vWhiteJacket白外套vMobyDick白鲸(莫比迪克)Moby-Dick白鲸vOneoftheworldsgreatestmasterpiecesvFirstAmeric
13、anproseepic(散文史诗)vStory:dealswithAhab(亚哈),amanwithanoverwhelmingobsessiontokillthewhalewhichhascrippledhim,onboardhisshipPequodinthecaseofthebigwhaleMobyDickSymbolisminthebookvSurfacemeaning:awhalingtale,aseaadventurevSymbolicmeaning:aquest(追求、探索)fortruthandknowledge,aspiritualexplorationintomansrea
14、lityandpsychology(心理).(p.460)vPequod(皮廓德号):humansociety(differentpeoplerepresentsdifferentideasanddifferentsocialandethnicgroups)vThevoyage:asearchfortruth.vMobyDick:symbolizesnature(complex,unfathomable高深莫测的(mysterious),malignant恶意的andbeautiful)(p.461)TheRealisticPeriodAgeofRealismvfrom1865tol914vA
15、reactionagainstRomanticismvpavedthewaytoModernismBackgroundvtheCivilWarvIndustrialization工业化vUrbanization城镇化vSufferingofthelaboringpeoplevTheGildedAge镀金时代-MarkTwain马克吐温Realism现实主义vGreatinterestintherealityoflifevtheactualities现实ofanyaspectoflifevFreefromsubjectiveprejudice主观偏见,idealism理想主义,orromanti
16、ccolor浪漫色彩vTruthfultreatmentoflifevWilliamDeanHowells:CriticismandFiction(批判和小说)IsitTrue?RepresentativesvLifeoftheAmericansvWilliamDeanHowellsrisingmiddleclassandtheywaytheylivedvMarkTwain-localcharacterofaregion-localcolorism地方色彩vHenryJames-InnerworldofmanAmericanNaturalism美国自然主义vAschoolofAmericanR
17、ealismvDarwinsevolutionarytheoryvNaturalselectionvSurvivalofthefittestvextremeobjectivityandfrankness,presentingcharactersoflowsocialandeconomicclasseswhoweredeterminedbytheirenvironmentandheredity遗传.MarkTwain马克吐温vH.L.Mencken:thetruefatherofournationalliteraturevSamuelLanghorneClemensvShapetheworlds
18、viewofAmericanandmadeacombinationofAmericanfolkhumorandseriousliterature(民间幽默和民间幽默和严肃文学的结合严肃文学的结合)Writingfeatures:vLocalcolorist地方色彩作家vmagicpowerwithlanguage,hisuseofvernacularvHumorHisworksvThecelebratedJumpingfrogofCalaverasCounty卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙vInnocentsAbroad傻子出国记vRoughingit艰苦岁月vLifeOntheMississippi
19、密西西比河上的生活vTheAdventureofTomSawyer汤姆索亚历险记(p.479)vTheAdventureofHuckleberryFinn哈克贝利费恩历险记vTheGildedAge镀金时代vAConnecticutYankeeinKingArthursCourtv亚瑟王法庭中的康涅狄格美国佬vTheTragedyofPuddnheadWilson傻瓜威尔逊vTheManthatCorruptedHadleyburg败坏了赫德莱堡的人vTheMysteriousStranger神秘的陌生人TheAdventureofHuckleberryFinn哈克贝利费恩历险记vHismas
20、terpiecevHemingway:theonebookfromwhich“allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes.”vCharacters:HuckandJimvAraftjourneydowntheMississippiHenryJamesvThefirstAmericanwritertoconceivehiscareerininternationalterms.vFounderofpsychologicalrealism(心里现实主义):innerlifeofhumanbeingsnarrativepointofview:vForerunnerofthe20t
21、hcentury“stream-of-consciousness”novels意识流小说的先驱Hismajorworks:vfirstperiod:internationaltheme(国际主题)vDaisyMiller黛西米勒vTheEuropeans欧洲人vThePortraitofALady一位女士的画像vSecondperiod:therelationshipoftheartisttothesocietyvThePrivateLife私生活vTheDeathofaLion狮子之死vTheMiddleYearsvTheTurnoftheScrew螺丝在拧紧vTheBeastintheJu
22、ngle丛林中的野兽vLastandmajorperiod:Jamesreturnedtohisinternationaltheme.vWhatMaisieKnows梅茜的世界vTheWingsoftheDove鸽之翼vTheAmbassadors大使vTheGoldenBowl金碗vLiterarycriticisms:TheArtofFictionInternationaltheme国际主题vInternationalbackgroundvConfrontationoftwodifferentcultureswithtwodifferentgroupsofpeoplerepresentin
23、gtwodifferentvaluesystems.vAmericavs.EuropeDaisyMillerv黛西米勒vInternationaltheme:theclashoftheNewWorldandTheOldNewvtheAmericanGirlinEurope,acelebratedculturaltypewhoembodiesthespiritoftheNewWorld.vCharacters:Daisy,FrederickWinterbourne,GiovanelliEmilyDickinson艾米莉迪金森vTherecluse(隐士)ofAmherst艾摩斯特市v1775po
24、ems(7publishedduringherlifetime)vThemes:religion(宗教),deathandimmortality(死亡和不朽),love,natureReligiouspoemsvDoubtandbeliefaboutreligioussubjects.DeathandImmortalityvPhysical,psychologicalandemotionalaspectsofdeathvIheardaFlybuzzwhenIdied-Love(p.518)vSufferingandfrustration(挫折)causedbylovevPhysicalaspe
25、ctofdesirevMarriage:PoemsaboutnaturevGeneralskepticism(怀疑)abouttherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureFeaturesvUniqueandunconventional:v1.notitles(无标题)v2.dashesandcapitalletters.v3.irregularorsometimesinvertedsentencestructureReadingvThisismylettertotheWorldv-anxietyaboutherowncommunicationwiththeoutside
26、world.vIheardaFlybuzzwhenIdiedv-ThemomentofdeathvIliketoseeitlaptheMilesvBecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath-deathandimmortalityTheodoreDreiserv西奥多德莱塞vAnaturalistnovelist(自然主义小说家)HisNaturalismvDarwinsideaof“thesurvivalofthefittest”vHeredityandenvironment(遗传和环境)aredeterministic(决定性的)vLifeisironicandtragicvM
27、anisvictimHisworksvSisterCarrie嘉丽妹妹-thebest-knownvTrilogyofDesire:欲望三部曲vFinancier金融家vTheTitan巨头vTheStoic斯多噶vTheGenius天才vDreiserLooksatRussia德莱塞看俄国vAnAmericanTragedy美国的悲剧SisterCarrie嘉丽妹妹vBestembodiesDreisersnaturalisticbelief:manarecontrolledandconditionedbyheredity,instinctandchance.(p.528)vCharacte
28、rsandthestory:vCarrieMeebervDrouetvGeorgeHurstwoodTheModernPeriod现代时期BackgroundvTwoWorldWars,especiallytheFirstWorldWar:1.themostpowerfulindustrializednationv2.technologicalrevolutionchangedpeopleslifegreatlyv3.TheGreatEconomicDepression经济大萧条v4.Spiritualwasteland(精神荒原)v5.Darwinism(达尔文学说)v6.Marxism(马
29、克思主义)v8.Freudianism(弗洛伊德学说)v7.WilliamJames:StreamofConsciousness(意识流)vConcernofwriters:innerworldofhumanrealityv8.FrenchImpressionism(印象派)andGermanExpressionism(表现主义)v9.Cubism:立体派TheExpatriateMovementv去国者运动/侨居运动vThesecondAmericanRenaissancevDisillusionedAmericansleftAmericaandformedacommunityofwrite
30、rsandartistsinParisvGertrudeStein:theLostGeneration(迷惘的一代)RepresentativesvPoets:vEzraPound(庞德)LeadingspokesmanofImagistMovement意象派的代言人-one-imagepoemvWilliamCarlosWilliams威廉卡洛斯威廉姆斯vRobertFrost罗伯特弗罗斯特-vNovelists:vF.ScottFitzgerald司各特菲茨杰拉德:TheGreatGatsby(了不起的盖茨比)TheJazzAgeofthe1920s爵士时代vErnestHemingway
31、欧内斯特海明威:senseoflossanddespairvWilliamFaulkner威廉福克纳:declineoftheSouth,spiritualwasteland.vSherwoodAnderson舍伍德安德森:WinesburgOhio小城畸人故事集vSinclairLewis辛克来刘易斯:Babbit巴比特vJohnSteinbeck约翰斯坦贝克:novelsofsocialprotest-TheGrapesofWrath愤怒的葡萄vDrama:vEugeneONeil尤金奥尼尔:vArthurMiller:阿瑟米勒阿瑟米勒PostwarLiterature:二战后vAtomi
32、cBombvColdWarvKoreanWarvVietnamWarTheBeatGeneration垮掉的一代vAlsocalledBeatMovement,itisanAmericansocialandliterarymovementoriginatinginthe1950s.vAllenGinsberg:艾伦金斯堡艾伦金斯堡Howl嚎叫themanifesto宣言oftheBeatGenerationvNovels:vBlackfiction:RichardWrightandRalphEllisonvJewish-AmericanwritersvSalinger:TheCatcherin
33、theRye麦田守望者:StudentsclassicSummaryvTheme:socialbreakdownandmoraldecayvdiscontinuity非连续性andfragmentation破碎EzraPoundv埃兹拉埃兹拉庞德庞德vLeadingspokesmanoftheImagistMovement意象派运动的代言人ImagistMovement(imagism意象派)vP.556v1909-1917vImageitselfisthespeech.vTypicalexample:one-imagepoem:“InaStationoftheMetro在地铁站”vAPact
34、协定RobertFrost罗伯特弗罗斯特vFrostisanimportantpoetinthe20thcentury.vthePulitzerPrizefourtimesvreadpoetryattheinaugurationofPresidentJohnF.Kennedyin1961.HisworksvABoysWill男孩的心愿vNorthofBoston波士顿以北vMountainInterval山间vNewHampshire新罕布什尔vWest-RunningBrook西流的小溪vAFurtherRange又一片牧场vAWitnessTree见证树Poeticthemes:vLand
35、scapeandpeopleinNewEnglandvthebasicthemesofmanslife:theindividualsrelationshipstohimself,tohisfellow-man,toworld,andtohisGod.AfterApple-Pickingv摘苹果之后vExperienceonthefarm:vLaborvAsenseofcompletionandfulfillmentTheRoadNotTaken未选择的路vChoiceStoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningv雪夜林畔小驻vthebeautyoftheforestscenev
36、DeathvresponsibilityEugeneONeilv尤金奥尼尔vAmericasgreatestplaywrightvFourPulitzerPrizes普立策小说奖;相当于美国的诺贝尔vNobelPrize1936vFounderoftheAmericandrama.vAbout49playsHisworksvBoundEastforCardiff东航卡迪夫vBeyondtheHorizon天边外firstPulitzerPrizevAnnaChristie安娜克里斯蒂vEmperorJones琼斯王vTheHairyApe毛猿vAllGodsChillunGotWings上帝的
37、儿女都有翅膀vDesireUndertheElms榆树下的欲望vTheGreatGodBrown大神布朗vLazarusLaughed拉扎勒斯笑了vStrangeInterlude奇异的插曲vTheIcemanCometh送冰人来了vLongDaysJourneyIntoNight长夜漫漫路长长AbouthisplaysvAbout49,mostbeingtragediesvTheme:basicissuesofhumanexistenceandpredicament:(p.570)vCharacters:seekingmeaningandpurposevExpressionisttechni
38、que:表现主义手法ScottFitzgeraldv司各特菲茨杰拉德vMostrepresentativefigureofthe1920svLiteraryspokesmanoftheJazzAge(爵士时代的文学代言人)vBeautifulwifeZeldaSayreHisworksvNovels:vThisSideofParadise人间天堂vTheBeautifulandDamned美丽与毁灭vTheGreatGatsby了不起的盖茨比vTenderistheNight夜色温柔vTheLastTycoon最后的大亨vShortStories:vTalesoftheJazzAgevBaby
39、lonRevisited重返巴比伦TheGreatGatsby了不起的盖茨比vAmasterpieceinAmericanliteraturevCharactersandStory:vNick(narrator)vJayGatsby(amysteriousman)vDaisy(Nicksbeautifulcousin)vTomBuchananvMyrtleWilsonvMr.WilsonvTheme:thebankruptcyoftheAmericanDream美国梦的破碎,whichishigh1ightedbythedisillusionmentoftheprotagonistsperso
40、naldreamduetotheclashesbetweenhisromanticvisionoflifeandtherelentlessreality.JazzAge爵士时代v1.the1920svatimemarkedbyfrivolity轻浮,carelessness,hedonism快乐主义andexcitementinthelifeoftheflamingyouth.Fitzgeraldislargelyresponsibleforthetermandmanyofhisliteraryworksportrayit.TheJazzAgeisbroughtvividlytolifeinT
41、heGreatGatsby.v2.FitzgeraldisbothaninsiderandanoutsideroftheJazzAgewithadoublevisionoffascinationandaloofness.v3.FitzgeraldsfictionalworldisthebestembodimentofthespiritoftheJazzAgeErnestHemingway海明威vNovelistvReportervWoundedinWorldWarIvReporterforTheTorontoStarinParisvWorldWarII,SpanishCivilWarvNobe
42、lPrizeforLiterature1954vShothimselfin1961Hismajorworks:vWarexperience,hisownstyle,themeandhero.vInOurTimesNickAdams,theprototypeofthewoundedhero.vTheSunAlsoRises:firsttruenovel-TheLostGenerationvTheLostGeneration迷惘的一代vAgroupofYoungAmericanswholefttheirnativelandandfoughtinthewarandlaterengagedthemse
43、lvesinwritinginanewwayabouttheirownexperiences.(p.600)vAFarewelltoArms:FrederickHenryandCatherine,tragicloveaffairofawoundedAmericansoldierwithaBritishnursevForWhomtheBellTolls:AvolunteerAmericanguerrillaRobertJordanfightingintheSpanishCivilWar.vTheOldManandtheSea:(NobelPrizeWinner):ShortStoriesvMen
44、WithoutWomenvDeathintheAfternoonvTheGreenHillsofAfricavTheSnowsOfKilimanjarovToHaveandHaveNot(1937).TheHemingwayCodeHero(p.602)v1.someprotagonistsinHemingwaysworks.v2.InthegeneralsituationofHemingwaysnovels,lifeisfulloftensionandbattles;theworldisinchaosandmanisalwaysfightingdesperatelyalosingbattle
45、.v3.Thosewhosurviveandperhapsemergevictoriousintheprocessofseekingtomasterthecodewithasetofprinciplessuchashonor,courage,endurance,wisdom,disciplineanddignityareknownastheHemingwaycode.vThecode:Graceunderpressure.Hemingwaysstyle:vThedignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.vTheIcebergPrinciple冰山原则人有了知识,就会具备各种分析能力,明辨是非的能力。所以我们要勤恳读书,广泛阅读,古人说“书中自有黄金屋。”通过阅读科技书籍,我们能丰富知识,培养逻辑思维能力;通过阅读文学作品,我们能提高文学鉴赏水平,培养文学情趣;通过阅读报刊,我们能增长见识,扩大自己的知识面。有许多书籍还能培养我们的道德情操,给我们巨大的精神力量,鼓舞我们前进。此课件下载可自行编辑修改,仅供参考!此课件下载可自行编辑修改,仅供参考!感谢您的支持,我们努力做得更好!谢谢感谢您的支持,我们努力做得更好!谢谢
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