英语语音技巧突破.ppt
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1、English Pronunciation Practice英语语音技巧突破英语语音技巧突破Lecture 5 Syllables and Stress 音节与重音音节与重音 Warming up activitytap pet sit myth tape Pete site my arm warm her first care here there fireDo you think reading English is like singing a song?Definition of syllables 音节的定义音节的定义A unit of spoken language consist
2、ing of a single uninterrupted sound formed by a vowel,diphthong,or syllabic consonant alone,or by any of these sounds preceded,followed,or surrounded by one or more consonants.Application of syllables 音节的应用音节的应用There are four kinds of syllables:open syllables,closed syllables,-r syllables and re syl
3、lables.Open syllables:A syllable ending in a vowel.eg.name,go,useClosed syllable:A syllable ending in a consonant.eg.tub,not,cap-r syllable:A stressed syllable composed of a vowel and r eg.fur,thirty,her-re syllable:A stressed syllable composed of a vowel and re eg.tire,sure,before Practice 练习练习Read
4、 the following words by oneself and then in pairs,paying attention each words pronunciation in different syllable.time type home new huge hot pet met let term nursery or party cure pure more fire Stressed Syllables and Unstressed SyllablesWhat does Stress in Speech mean?In speech,stress may be defin
5、ed as the degree of intensity or loudness placed on a sound;the amount of force one puts on a syllable or a word to give it importance.What is Word Stress?A word stress means a prominent/stressed/strong syllable within a word.wordpatterntea.cher.beau.ti.ful.un.der.stand.con.ti.nue.Stressed Syllables
6、&Unstressed SyllablesStressed syllables are strong syllables.Unstressed syllables are weak syllables.Stressed syllables:are longhave a pitch changehave full vowel sounds.Unstressed syllables:are shortoften have a reduced vowel sound.Three degrees of stressPrimary stress:strong emphasisSecondary stre
7、ss:less strong emphasisZero stress:no emphasisEg:timetable operation How to pronounce word stress?When a syllable is stressed,it is pronouncedlonger in duration higher in pitchlouder in volume How do you say teacher?Longerteeeeeeeeeeee cherHigherteacherLouderTEA cherAll three combinedTEEEEEEEEEEEche
8、rDifferent types of weak syllables The schwaa-attend,character,barracks,again,ballad,necklace,workaday,workable,elephantar-particular,molar,monarchyate-intimate,accurate,desolateo-tomorrow,potato,carrotor-forget,ambassador,opportunitye-settlement,violet,postmener-perhaps,stronger,supermanu-autumn,su
9、pport,halibutough-thorough,boroughous-gracious,callousAny English vowel letter can be pronounced with the schwa/allowafiremenepossiblei/commandosupportuSome Rules for Word StressWord typeWhere is the stress?ExamplesTwo or three syllablesNounson the first syllablecenter object flowerreferenceVerbson
10、the last syllablerelease admit arrangeCompoundNouns(N+N)(Adj.+N)on the first partdesktop pencil case bookshelf greenhouseAdjectives(Adj.+P.P.)on the last part(the verb part)well-meant hard-headed old-fashionedVerbs(prep.+verb)understand overlook outperformWord typeWhere is the stress?ExamplesPhrasal
11、 Verbson the particleturn off buckle up hand outWords with added ending-icthe syllable before the endingeconomic Geometricelectrical-tion,-cian,-sionTechniciangraduation cohesion-phy,-gy,-try,-cy,-fy,-althe third from the last syllablePhotographybiology geometry-meterParameterThermometerbarometerGen
12、eral Rules of Word Stress1.Most English word of two or three syllables,the stress falls on the first syllable,e.g.apple carry problem holiday primary2.Words of three or more syllables,the stress normally falls on the third syllable form the end:family recognize democracy phylosophy economy3.Words of
13、 two or three syllables with one of the 3.Words of two or three syllables with one of the following prefixes(following prefixes(前缀前缀),the stress usually falls),the stress usually falls on the syllable following the prefixon the syllable following the prefix a-above along be-become below com-combine
14、compare con-contain connectde-detect design em-embark employen-encourage engage es-escape especial ex-exchange excuse im-important implyin-inform intend ob-obtain observeper-permit perform pre-prepare prepaypro-propose promote sub-submit subectivetrans-transform translate4.Words with the following s
15、uffixes,the 4.Words with the following suffixes,the stress nearly always on the syllable stress nearly always on the syllable preceding the suffixpreceding the suffix-ian musician politician -ic atomic democratic-ical physical political -id solid stupid-ial social partial -ion revolution discussion-
16、ify simplify beautify -ible possible terrible-ient sufficient patient -ience patience experience-ity possibility responsibiity -ish foolish punish-eous courageous hideous -ious conscious delicious-ive native progressive -ant important dependantNote:Note:The following suffixed do not The following su
17、ffixed do not influence the place of word-stress:-ed,-influence the place of word-stress:-ed,-es,-er,-est,-or,-ary,-ory,-ment,-ous,-es,-er,-est,-or,-ary,-ory,-ment,-ous,-cy,-ry,-ty,-al,-ure,-ute,-ble,-ar,-ly,-cy,-ry,-ty,-al,-ure,-ute,-ble,-ar,-ly,-less,-ness,-ful,-ing.less,-ness,-ful,-ing.prision-pr
18、isoner move-movementconquer-conqueror carry-carryingcustom-customary beauty-beautifulproper-property sorrow-sorrownessquick-quickly help-helpless5.Some suffixes attract the primary stress(5.Some suffixes attract the primary stress(主重主重音音)onto themselves.There is a secondary stress)onto themselves.Th
19、ere is a secondary stress on the first syllable in words with such suffixes.on the first syllable in words with such suffixes.Suffixed of this kind are as follows:-ain,-ee,-Suffixed of this kind are as follows:-ain,-ee,-eer,-ier,-ade,-ival,-itis,-mental(-ental).eer,-ier,-ade,-ival,-itis,-mental(-ent
20、al).Examples:refuge-,refugee employ-,employeeengine-,engineer mountain-,mountaineerfundament-,fundamental accident-,accidentallemon-,lemonadeNote:But there is no stress on the prefix(1)if the word which is formed by means of the strong prefix is in common use,e.g.,impossible,unuaual,(2)if the word t
21、o which it is addes is not in common use,e.g.,unbounded,unwieldly used).(3)if the word does not correspond to the meaning which it has without the prefix,e.g.,overcome,misgive(not commected in meaning with the verb to come and the verb to give).*The semantic factor in English word-stress gives way t
22、o the rhythmical factor.Since there is a tendency to alternate stressed and unstressed syllables,a double-stressed word may lose one of its stresses if a stressed syllable immediately precedes or follows.e.g.thirteen,but thirteen hundred or just thirteen seasidebut seaside sports unknownbut the unkn
23、own soldier Lecture 6Definition of stress 重音的定义重音的定义The relative force of sound or emphasis given a syllable or word in accordance with a metrical patternApplication of stress 重音的应用重音的应用In a sentence such words are stressed as noun,numeral,adjective,notional verb,adverb,pronoun,interjection;on the o
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