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1、教学物流英语第四章 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望 4.1Introduction to Warehousing and Distribution Operation As one of the most important and time-cost parts of logistics process,warehousing an distribution operation may take 40%-50%of a companys of t
2、otal logistics time.Therefore,reliable warehousing and distribution operation is one of the key points for reaching customer satisfaction in todays logistics management.Todays industrial magazines an other media tend to use the terms warehousing,distribution,storage,an material handling to describe
3、relevant industry or profession.12/3/20222 Functions of Warehousing and Distribution Operation.Warehouse is a storage place for products.Principle warehousing activities include receipt of product,storage,shipment,and order picking.Warehousing is defined as the function of storing a variety of produ
4、ct types SKUs(Stock-Keeping Units)that have a small or large quantity of storage units.Distribution is the function of moving various products from your vendors facility or your manufacturing workstation(where the product was manufactured)to your companys facility for12/3/20223 storing the product,p
5、icking the product to your customer order requirements,and delivering the product to your customers facility or workstation in your manufacturing facility.WMS is the systems used in effectively managing warehousing business processes and direct warehousing activities,including receiving,put-away,pac
6、king,shipping,and inventory cycle counts.Also includes support of radio-frequency communications,allowing real-time data transfer between the system and warehousing personnel.They also maximize space and minimize material handling by automating put-away processes.The two major12/3/20224 objectives o
7、f the warehousing and distribution are to improve profits and customer service.To achieve these objectives,your warehousing and distribution operations perform activities to maximize your storage(space or cube)utilization;maximize your warehousing equipment utilization;maximize your labor(employee)u
8、tilization;reduce your SKU handlings,maintain required SUK accessibility,and assure the designed SKU rotation or turns;minimize your companys operating expenses;and assure the protection of your companys assets.12/3/20225 4.2 Purpose of Warehouse Facility Layout A warehouse of distribution facility
9、layout benefit to your company is determined by its ability to satisfy your companys warehouse objectives.These objectives are to earn a profit and to satisfy your customers.Each warehouse philosophy proposes a warehouse facility layout that includes a material handling concept and equipment and loc
10、ations for the storage-pick position areas.The main purpose is to provide the housing(shelter)for a companys requirements.These requirements include material handling system,12/3/20226 SKU pick and reserve positions to accommodate the projected inventory,and associated warehouse functions.Some purpo
11、ses of the facility layout are to assure proper access to the SKUs;provide proper product flow and inventory rotation;assure the lowest possible operating cost and assure accurate and on schedule customer service.The facility size is defined by the square or cubic footage of the structure.To determi
12、ne these dimensions,the facility available space is calculated by measuring the actual building or from a facility drawing with a scale to determine the building size.Your company warehouse layout objectives are established by your executive management team and usually include a request or requireme
13、nt to:(1)maximize the space(cube)utilization or provide the maximum storage and pick positions within the building structure;(2)allow an efficient product flow the receiving area to the storage-pick areas and from the storage-pick areas to the assembly,packing,and shipping areas;(3)provide the maxim
14、um number of,and facilitate access to,SKU pick positions and proper inventory rotation;(4)reduce annual operating costs;(5)improve the12/3/20228 key warehouse function and employee productivity:receiving,transportation,storage,order pick,packing,weighing and manifesting,shipping and returns;(6)maint
15、ain the corporate philosophy and direction;(7)protect the inventory and material handling system from damage,pilferage,and infestation;(8)provide for expansion;(9)provide the employees with a safe work environment;(10)and ensure that your operation satisfies your customers.Facility Layout Fundamenta
16、ls Planning analysts follow numerous facility design12/3/20229 fundamentals to design a warehouse or distribution facility.These fundamentals optimize the facility and minimize construction costs and include two steps:data collection and development of alternative layouts.The first step of a facilit
17、y layout consists of the data collection process,data analysis,establishment of design-year parameters,and consideration of alternative material handling equipment and concepts.This step includes(1)identifying and listing existing material handling equipment and concepts;(2)measuring(width,height,an
18、d weight)and cataloging all SKUs as12/3/202210 conveyable or non-conveyable or by classification such as packaging,toxic,or edible;classifying at each warehouse function,the SKU handling characteristics(per length,width,height,and weight measurements)as single items,carton,or pallet load;projecting
19、SKU inventory levels(average and peak)and at each warehouse function,the SKU volume levels(average and peak);and reviewing alternative material handling concepts(manual,mechanized,or automated for each warehouse function.)12/3/202211 Facility Layout Principles All the warehouse,distribution,and manu
20、facturing facility layout design and presentation methods presented in the preceding sections have show main objectives:to show how your facility will look and to describe how your facility will operate.In the development of a facility layout,numerous warehouse and distribution facility layout princ
21、iples influence the facility design and material handling equipment layout.(1)provide adequate aisles and aisle width in the key warehouse function areas.(2)Consider the product flow and volume through the reserve area,pick area,other functional 12/3/202212 areas.(3)Provide adequate SKU accumulation
22、 prior to each workstation.(4)Provide adequate ceiling height for ware house equipment.(5)Provide required space for fire protection and security equipment.(6)Locate all support or administrative activities.(7)Locate the building facilities on the site for excellent present utilization and future ex
23、pansion.(8)Locate the key warehouse functions for future expansion.(9)Design space building columns and bay size to facilitate space utilization,product flow,and employee productivity.(10)Use mechanized or automated equipment.12/3/202213Questions for Discussion and Review (1)What are the objectives of warehouse and distribution management?(2)What are the purposes and objectives of warehouse facility layout?12/3/202214
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