中国科学中国科学 (1).pdf
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1、Geos 474/574:Geochronology and ThermochronologyFall Semester 2019,MW 10:00-11:15Description of CourseMuch of Earth and planetary science relies on chronometric use of radioactive decay and growth of naturally occurring nuclides to understand the timing of events and rates of processes,as well as the
2、 use of radiogenic isotopes as tracers for understanding a wide range of phenomena.This course will introduce students to the fundamentals of geochronology and thermochronology,diffusion in minerals and heat in the Earth,trace element behavior,and differentiation and recycling processes in the Earth
3、 and other solar system objects.Course Prerequisites or Co-requisitesThis course will be taught at a level that presumes good familiarity with the topics in the following courses:Physical Geology(GEOS 251),Mineralogy(GEOS 306),Chemistry(CHEM 151,152),Geochemistry(GEOS 400).Recommended:Calculus(MATH
4、124/125,129).Instructor and Contact InformationPeter Reiners,PAS 538,reinersemail.arizona.eduOffice Hours:10-11 Thursdays,or as arrangedCourse Format and Teaching MethodsThis class comprises lectures and discussions on material that students should read before coming to class.There will be approxima
5、tely 8 problem sets.Graduate students will lead a brief discussion.All students will complete a final project or take-home exam.Required Texts or ReadingsStudents should read chapters and/or papers on particular topics as assigned in class before the lectures/discussions on those topics.There is no
6、required textbook,but it is recommended that you obtain one of the following three books and any serious Earth,planetary,or environmental scientist should own a copy of some geochronology textbook/reference,even if it is an old edition(e.g.,even Faures older editions are fabulous and can probably be
7、 acquired cheaply).Geochronology and Thermochronology,2018,by P.W.Reiners,R.W.Carlson,P.R.Renne,K.M.Cooper,D.E.Granger,N.M.McLean,and B.Schoene,John Wiley&Sons,480 pp.Errata:https:/www.geo.arizona.edu/reiners/Errata%20to%20Geochronology%20and%20Thermochronology.pdfIsotopes:Principles and Application
8、s,3rd Ed.,2005,by G.Faure and T.M.Mensing,John Wiley&Sons,897 pp.The older(2nd Ed.)(1986)version of this book is ok too.Radiogenic Isotope Geology,2nd Ed.,by A.P.Dickin,2005,Cambridge University Press,492 pp.Other useful books:Isotope Geochemistry,W.White,Wiley,496 pp.,ISBN:978-0-470-65670-9Geochemi
9、stry,W.White,Wiley,668 pp.,ISBN:978-0-470-65668-6.Geochronology and Thermochronology by the 40Ar/39Ar Method,2nd Ed.,by McDougall,I.,and Harrison,T.M.,1999,Oxford University Press,269 pp.Geodynamics,2nd Ed.,by Turcotte,D.L.,and Schubert,G.,2002,Cambridge University Press,456 pp.Required or Special M
10、aterialsDecent proficiency in some spreadsheet program(e.g.,Excel)is required.Dont expect to do problem sets by hand/calculator/pencil/paper/abacus.Matlab or other coding skills are not necessary,though if you are better with these than with spreadsheets,thats great.Assignments and Examinations:Sche
11、dule/Due DatesThere will be approximately 8-10 problem sets.These will be assigned in class and due in class on a date given when assigned,typically 7-10 days later.Do not wait too long to start these,especially if you want help from the instructor.Each graduate student will present and lead one 20-
12、30-minute discussion on an assigned paper.The topic and specific paper will be made in consultation with the instructor.All grad students should have a plan for their topic,if not specific paper,no later than the end of September.All students will complete a final project consisting of either option
13、 1 or 2 below:Option 1:A Take-Home Exam.Option 2:A paper(and,for graduate students,a presentation)describing their work on either:a)original geochronologic analysis and interpretations,b)innovative modeling,synthesis,or reinterpretation or previously published data.Students choosing this option will
14、 present a written(2 page)proposal by the end of September describing their planned project,its motivation,significance,methods,and anticipated results.Final Examination or ProjectThe take-home exam or final project will be due at the date of the officially scheduled final exam(13 Dec 2019).Grading
15、Scale and PoliciesGrades will be assigned according to the following percentage scheme:A 90%,B 80%,C 70%,D 60%,E 50%.Grading will follow these formulae:Graduate Students:Problem sets:50%;Take-Home Exam or Final Paper/Presentation:30%;In-class participation and discussion:20%.Undergraduate Students:P
16、roblem sets:50%;Take-Home Exam or Final Paper:30%;In-class participation:20%.Homework notes:do repetitive calcs in excel but hand in hardcopykeep units in calcs,alwaysdo not confuse masses and molescan redo prob sets but dont count on that.try to do them right the first time.Scheduled Topics(Tentati
17、ve)DateTopicMon 26 Aug:Foundations of Radioisotopic DatingWed 28 Aug:No ClassNo ClassMon 2 Sept:Labor DayNo ClassWed 4 Sept:Analytical MethodsMon 9 Sept:Interpretational ApproachesWed 11 Sept:Diffusion and Thermochronologic InterpretationsMon 16 SeptTBAWed 18 SeptTBAMon 23 SeptTBAWed 25 SeptTBAMon 3
18、0 SeptDiffusion and Thermochronologic InterpretationsWed 2 Oct:Rb/Sr,Sm/Nd,Lu/HfMon 7 OctRb/Sr,Sm/Nd,Lu/HfWed 9 OctRe/Os and Pt/OsMon 14 OctRe/Os and Pt/OsWed 16 OctU-Th/PbMon 21 OctU-Th/PbWed 23 OctK/Ar and 40Ar/39ArMon 28 OctK/Ar and 40Ar/39ArWed 30 OctRadiation Damage MethodsMon 4 NovRadiation Da
19、mage MethodsWed 6 Nov(U-Th)/HeMon 11 Nov:Veterans DayNo ClassWed 13 Nov(U-Th)/HeMon 18 NovU-seriesWed 20 NovU-seriesMon 25 NovCosmogenic NuclidesWed 27 NovCosmogenic NuclidesMon 2 DecExtinct RadionuclidesWed 4 DecCool ApplicationsMon 9 DecFinal PresentationsWed 11 DecTBARevolutions of human sense of
20、 placeThe Earth is not the center of the universe but just another planet orbiting the sun(in a vast system of many other solar systems,galaxies,).Humans are just another species(mere naked apes).Humans are irrational and subject to subconscious primitive urges.Humans are late arrivals to a dramatic
21、 history that predates them by 3000 x.Ray Troll1.Religion-based methodsa.Early Hindu,Greek approaches:2 Ta to b.Christian approaches:typically 2-10 ka(e.g.,1658,Ussher,Oct.22,4004 B.C.)2.Early naturalistic/scientific methods1740:Benoit de Maillet:sea level decline(mermaids,vortices,etc.)(2 Ga)1770:G
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