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1、猜测词义猜测词义 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有:1.The word“”refers to/probably means /could best be replaced by _.2.The word“”is most likely to mean _.3.What do you think the expression“”stands for?4.The underlined word“”means _.1.Definition 定义法定义法3.Similarity 相似法相似法2.Contrast 对比法对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法因果法5.E
2、xample 例举法例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6.Word Formation 构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7.Context 上下文上下文 It will be very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easily.1.Definition 定义法:定义法:一般通过定义、定语一般通过定义、定语(从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。(从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。(adj.易碎的易碎的,脆的脆的)The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan
3、a year.(n.牧羊人牧羊人)2.Contrast 对比法:对比法:利用文中的反义词以及表对比关利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词(组)猜测词义。系的词(组)猜测词义。表示对比的词有表示对比的词有but、while、however、otherwise等。等。Most of us agreed,however,Bill dissented.She is usually prompt for all her classes,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.A.on time B.late C.slowly D.qui
4、ckly A (v.不同意不同意)3.Similarity 相似法:利用同义相似法:利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。词、近义词或词组猜测词义。Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task.The job is so large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.(adj.巨大的巨大的;极大的极大的)4.Cause Effect 因果法:从原因推因果法:从原因推测结果,从结果推测原
5、因。测结果,从结果推测原因。One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.(adj.贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的)(adj.大的大的)5.Example 例举法:利用文中的举例例举法:利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance,for example,such as等等。Today young
6、couples often spend lots of their money on appliances,for instance,washing machines,refrigerators and color televisions.(n.电器用具电器用具)6.Word Formation 构词法构词法:英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)和词尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分,表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分,表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀,可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀,可以用来引申
7、或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义,那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义,那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有:中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有:super-(超超)mini-(极小的极小的,微小的微小的)micro-(极微小的)(极微小的)re-(再,反复)(再,反复)mis-(误,恶)(误,恶)im-(不)(不)un-(不,非)(不,非)in-(不,非)(不,非)non-(不,非)(不,非)-able(能(能的的)-less(不,无)(不,无)-wards(向向)s
8、uperman microwave(超人超人)nonnatural mispronouce(非自然的非自然的)homeless nonsmoker(无家可归的无家可归的)rebuild eastwards(重建重建)Can you guess the right meanings?(微波微波)(非烟民非烟民)(发错音发错音)(向东向东)Eg.Im going to buy a microbus.micro+bus 微型公共汽车微型公共汽车 1)He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I
9、 understand anything.Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.A.see clearly B.understand C.expectB7.7.Context 上下文:利用语境及前后的上下文:利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。提示来猜测词义。Tom saw an owl in a tree last nightAa bird Ban animal C.a star2)Tom saw an owl last night Aa bird Ban
10、animal C.a star Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got nearAa bird Ban animal C.a starAABCAB(n.n.猫头鹰猫头鹰猫头鹰猫头鹰)3 3)The children are looking at an The children are looking at an apeape.A Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of monkey Ba kind of tree a kind of tree C Ca kind of birda kin
11、d of bird The children are looking at an ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird The The children children are are looking looking at at a a large,large,hairyhairy apeape at at the the zoozoo A Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of monkey Ba kind of tree a kind of tree C Ca kind of b
12、irda kind of birdA AA AB BC.C.AC(n.猿猿)8.8.Common sense 普通常识:普通常识:根据普通常识和根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。生活经验来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中,如遇到生词,有时可以根据在阅读的过程中,如遇到生词,有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验,或运用自己已有的常识自身的直接或间接的经验,或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等,可风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等,可以帮助加深对文章的理解,遇到生词时,猜测词义以帮助加深
13、对文章的理解,遇到生词时,猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。的能力自然就会增强。When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anesthetic to make himunconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.n.麻醉剂麻醉剂(药药)当堂训练当堂训练 Can you guess the correct meanings of the following w
14、ords?-1.There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys.A glacier is a river of ice.A.雪山雪山 B.树枝树枝 C.冰河冰河 D.冰冰 2.He is a resolute man.Once he made up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.weak B.firm C.kind D.clever 3.Mr.Brown is now working at Princeton University far away f
15、rom home.For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.租用租用 B.借出借出 C.购买购买 D.参观参观 CAB 4.The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest 5.The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats
16、 in her house.Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.A.爱猫的爱猫的 B.古怪的古怪的 C.闲不住闲不住 D.动物保护主义者动物保护主义者 6.In many countries there are two financial extremes,from penury to great wealth.A.便士便士 B.温饱温饱 C.非常贫困非常贫困 D.虚弱虚弱 ABC 7.Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.A.活泼的活泼的 B.好动的好动的
17、C.多嘴多舌的多嘴多舌的 D.可爱的可爱的 8.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.countryside D.house 9.This boy is not stupid,on the contrary,no one could be more intelligent.A.勤奋的勤奋的 B.愚蠢的愚蠢的 C.聪明的聪明的 D.情报情报CCC10.Children are alwa
18、ys boasting.They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.”The word“boasting”means _.A.骄傲骄傲 B.吹牛吹牛 C.顽皮顽皮 D.幼稚幼稚B 课堂检测课堂检测Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke o
19、ff the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas.Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks,born during the November-December breeding season.What does the und
20、erlined word“obtain”probably mean?A.eat B.get C.sell D.buyBPassage 2 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives,and fellow tribesmen.If they are honored,he is also honored.If they are disgraced,he too is disgraced.Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his fa
21、mily,his lineage(宗系宗系),and his tribe.The word“disgrace”means _ in this text.A.honor B.endanger C.proud D.shame DPassage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished.A few members of the Senate(参议院参议院)opposed this decision,but the majority voted that the ruler
22、 should leave the country for ever.The underlined word“banished”mean_.A.killed by stoning B.sent away C.imprisoned D.punished by whipping BPassage 4 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.I would walk behind an ox,guiding him with a broomstick.For$1 a day,I worked eight hou
23、rs straight,with no food breaks.It was very tedious work,but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us,I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.What does the underlined word“tedious”probably mean?A.interesting B.
24、tiresome C.relaxing D.challengingBPassage 5 Although he often had the chance,Mr.Brown was never able to steal money from a customer.This would endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future.The word“jeopardize”means _ in this text.A.protect B.endanger C.continue D.s
25、topBPassage 6 After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager,I left the company at the height of my career.Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income.And they asked why I would r
26、isk everything for a dream.The underlined word“astounded”means _.A.very sad B.very sorry C.very pleased D.greatly surprised D1.Definition 定义法定义法3.Similarity 相似法相似法2.Contrast 对比法对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法因果法5.Example 例举法例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6.Word Formation 构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7.Context 上下文上下文 Summary
27、4.课后拓展课后拓展 lRead the following passages and see if you understand the words or phrases that may be new to you:lPassage 1.lWe can not feel speed.But our sense let us know that we are moving.We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken.lWe can feel acceleration,an increase in speed.But
28、we notice it for only a short time.For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane.l1.Acceleration is the name for _.A.any kind of movement B.the movement of a planelC.a steady speed D.an increase in speedlPassage 2.lA tornado can do a lot of damage.The wind of a tornado rushes at great
29、 speed around a funnel-shaped cloud.It travels in a path a few hundred feet wide and about twenty-five miles long.As the wind circles,the funnel spirals higher and higher.l2.A tornado is a _.l A.rainstorm B.dust storml C.great circle wind D.huge funnel of waterlPassage 3.lSTOCKHOLMA Swede and two Am
30、ericans won the 2000 Nobel Prize for medicine on Oct.9 for studies on how messages move around the nervous system.The discovery makes it possible to develop drugs against Parkinsons disease and schizophrenia.Arvid Carlson of Sweden and Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel of the United States share the fi
31、rst prize of the millennium,worth nearly US$1 million,for their discoveries,Swedens Karlinska Institute said.l3.What does the underlined word“schizophrenia”probably mean?l A.a kind of illness B.a new discovery l C.a name of a subject D.a new druglPassage 4.lNew York:when the first jet struck 1 World
32、 Trade Center at 8:48 am on Tuesday,the people in 2 World Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they,too,must do:get out fast.Among the uncertainty about what was the best thing to do,formal announcements inside the south tower instructed peo
33、ple to stay put,telling them that the building was in good condition and the threat was limited to the other tower.l4.The underlined words“stay put”means_.l A.to keep silentB.to leave at oncel C.to stay in the buildingl D.to put everything back and then leavelPassage 5.l All the athletes try to be a
34、t the closing ceremony.They have forgotten all their fears and worries.It does not matter whether they have done well or not.All the teams walk round the stadium together.Everybody in the village clears up and gets ready to leave.Everyone is hunting for local products.People exchange track suits,hat
35、s,running vest and so on.There is a last chance to take photographs and get addresses of new friends.Then each team starts its journey home.l5.The underline phrase“clears up”in the paragraph means_.l A.packs up B.goes away l C.makes clear D.does the cleaningl1.The computer also counts the loads and
36、gives a signal by phone when the box is full.And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.()l2.Helping laid-off workers and unemployed people find jobs is crucial(关系重大的关系重大的)and pressing task facing the Chinese Government,President Jiang Zemin stressed yesterday,he urged better serv
37、ice to create work for the unemployed.()l3.Are you a man or a mouse?When people ask this question they want to know if you think you are a brave person or a coward.()不可回收资源不可回收资源 下岗下岗 胆小鬼胆小鬼 5.Assignment 作业作业l4.Most women in China-educated and illiterated,urban and rural,the young and old-work to ea
38、rn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.()l5.Jane was talking with others while Tom remained reticent all the time.()l6.The farmer is the most important person in the movie.He is the hero.()l7.They surrendered,that is,threw out their weapons and walked out with
39、their hands above their heads.()文盲的文盲的 沉默寡言的沉默寡言的 男主角男主角 投降投降 l8.Japan has a problem many other countries would envyits workforce works too hard.Curing Japanese workers of disease“workaholism”is proving a difficult job,partly because many of them like work better than anything else,experts say.()l9.The harbor is protected by a jettya wall built out into the water.()l10.Crime is a very serious problem in Britain.One sort of crime which particularly worries people is juvenile crimescrimes committed by young people.()醉心工作醉心工作 防波堤防波堤,码头码头青少年犯罪青少年犯罪
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