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1、Translation Translation at discourse levelat discourse level篇章翻译1山谷顶端,残留着一座道教建筑,名叫山谷顶端,残留着一座道教建筑,名叫“黄龙古寺黄龙古寺”。寺前有一溶洞,深邃莫测。寺后有一石峰,除。寺前有一溶洞,深邃莫测。寺后有一石峰,除碑檐外,几乎被碳酸钙沉积淹没,碑文已不可辨认。碑檐外,几乎被碳酸钙沉积淹没,碑文已不可辨认。On the hill top stands the On the hill top stands the Yellow Dragon MonasteryYellow Dragon Monastery,a
2、Taoist,a Taoist retreat built in the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).retreat built in the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).A A karstkarst cave cave lies lies before before it it,and,and a stone tableta stone tablet was erected behind.was erected behind.All but the top All but the top of the tabletof the tablet has b
3、een eroded by calcium carbonate,and has been eroded by calcium carbonate,and the the inscriptionsinscriptions have become unreadable.have become unreadable.On top of the hill stands the Yellow Dragon On top of the hill stands the Yellow Dragon MonasteryMonastery,a Ming,a Ming Dynasty(1368-1644)struc
4、ture for a Taoist retreat.In front of Dynasty(1368-1644)structure for a Taoist retreat.In front of the monasterythe monastery is a is a karstkarst cave cave of infinite depth,and behind of infinite depth,and behind it it stands stands a stone tableta stone tablet,all but,all but the topthe top havin
5、g been eroded by having been eroded by calcium carbonate and the inscriptions calcium carbonate and the inscriptions on the tableton the tablet hardly hardly distinguishable.distinguishable.2篇章的翻译篇章翻译不同于单句翻译篇章翻译不同于单句翻译通通读读并并理理解解全全文文,并并对对文文章章的的内内容容和和风风格格有有一一个个完完整整的的和和全全面面的的认认识识,保保证证译译文文行文连贯行文连贯句型多样化句
6、型多样化避免重复主语避免重复主语段落的连贯性段落的连贯性翻译中的节奏翻译中的节奏3句型多样化英语注重句型变化英语注重句型变化长短句结合长短句结合简单句和复杂句结合简单句和复杂句结合主动、被动句式间杂主动、被动句式间杂陈述、强调、倒装交替陈述、强调、倒装交替4工工人人们们开开了了一一个个活活跃跃的的讨讨论论会会,他他们们讨讨论论得得很很热热烈烈。几几乎乎没没有有听听到到不不同同的的意意见见,最最后后大大家都同意了这个计划。家都同意了这个计划。There There was was a a lively lively debate debate among among the the worker
7、s.workers.There There was was enthusiasm enthusiasm for for the the idea.idea.There There was was hardly hardly a a dissenting dissenting voice.voice.There There was was full full agreement agreement on on the the subject subject in in the the end.end.After After a a lively lively debate debate on o
8、n the the subject,subject,all all the the workers workers came came to to agreement agreement without without even even a a dissenting dissenting voice voice at at last.last.5避免重复主语如果一段文字中连续使用某一如果一段文字中连续使用某一主语主语翻译时应尽量减少它的使用频翻译时应尽量减少它的使用频率而变换另外的说法率而变换另外的说法6下下午午,我我到到图图书书馆馆,借借出出一一本本书书。然然后后,回回家家吃吃饭饭。吃吃饭
9、饭后后,我我把把书书打打开开,我我十十分分烦烦恼恼,原原来来这这本本书书不不是是我我要要借借的的书书。我我就就是是这这号号人人:拿拿出出一一本本书书不不看看就就走走。我不能怪别人,只能怪自己。我不能怪别人,只能怪自己。I I went went to to the the library library in in the the afternoon.afternoon.I I took took out out a a book.book.Then Then I I put put the the book book under under my my arm.arm.I I went we
10、nt home home to to eat eat supper.supper.I I opened opened the the book book after after supper.supper.Then Then I I discovered discovered that that it it was was not not the the book book I I wanted.wanted.I I was was greatly greatly annoyed.annoyed.I I was was such such a a kind kind of of man:man
11、:I I always always take take a a book book while while I I do do not not look look at at it.it.I I had had nobody nobody to to blame blame but but myself.myself.In In the the afternoon,afternoon,after after borrowing borrowing a a book book from from the the library,library,I I went went back back h
12、ome home for for supper.supper.What What depressed depressed me me was was that that I I didnt didnt find find that that it it was was the the wrong wrong book book until until after after supper.supper.That That is is what what I I am am like:like:I I take take a a book book and and run run away aw
13、ay without without even even a a glance glance on on it.it.There There is nobody else to blame but myself.is nobody else to blame but myself.7如果静思太久,觉得孤独了,不妨翻开你如果静思太久,觉得孤独了,不妨翻开你可爱的书,书会使你轻松让你充实。在静可爱的书,书会使你轻松让你充实。在静静的空间里读一本好书,如同冬日里围坐静的空间里读一本好书,如同冬日里围坐一盆炭火与挚友谈心。平日,因工作太忙,一盆炭火与挚友谈心。平日,因工作太忙,或交际太繁,你难得与古今
14、中外的智者交或交际太繁,你难得与古今中外的智者交谈。而今,你却可以凝神倾听他们的教诲谈。而今,你却可以凝神倾听他们的教诲了。在静心的阅读中,你的学识逐渐得到了。在静心的阅读中,你的学识逐渐得到增长。你也可以依随自己的爱好,去干任增长。你也可以依随自己的爱好,去干任何一件感兴趣的事。静静地听一段音乐,何一件感兴趣的事。静静地听一段音乐,专注地画几笔画,认真摆一盘残局,甚至专注地画几笔画,认真摆一盘残局,甚至翻翻往日影集,想念一番遥远的朋友。这翻翻往日影集,想念一番遥远的朋友。这些,无一不是人生的快乐。些,无一不是人生的快乐。8When loneliness comes over you as a
15、 result of too much When loneliness comes over you as a result of too much thinking,a favorite book will ease your mind and broaden thinking,a favorite book will ease your mind and broaden your horizon.Reading a good book is like having a fireside your horizon.Reading a good book is like having a fi
16、reside chat with a close friend.At other times you may be so chat with a close friend.At other times you may be so occupied with work or social intercourse as to have no time occupied with work or social intercourse as to have no time for books.Now you can peacefully listen to wise men of all for bo
17、oks.Now you can peacefully listen to wise men of all times,enriching yourself with their ideas and enlarging your times,enriching yourself with their ideas and enlarging your stock of knowledge.Or you can do other things to suit your stock of knowledge.Or you can do other things to suit your taste:e
18、njoy a piece of music,attentively draw a picture or taste:enjoy a piece of music,attentively draw a picture or arrange for a near-end game of Chinese chess.If you are in arrange for a near-end game of Chinese chess.If you are in the mood,you may as well open an album and let the photos the mood,you
19、may as well open an album and let the photos bring back memories of those far away.Isnt any one of bring back memories of those far away.Isnt any one of these a real pleasure in life?these a real pleasure in life?9段落的连贯性 汉语:汉语:“意合意合”,省略连接词,不同意思通过不同,省略连接词,不同意思通过不同的短句表达出来的短句表达出来英语:英语:“形合形合”,借助词形变化表示各种
20、语法关系,借助词形变化表示各种语法关系,逻辑性强,外形完整逻辑性强,外形完整 虚词(如连接词、介词)虚词(如连接词、介词)把汉语句子内含的逻辑关系用英语的连接词表达出来把汉语句子内含的逻辑关系用英语的连接词表达出来从句以及独立主格从句以及独立主格把汉语的流水句译成相互照应的简单句、复合句或复把汉语的流水句译成相互照应的简单句、复合句或复杂句杂句非谓语动词(表目的、原因、伴随的动词译为不定式、非谓语动词(表目的、原因、伴随的动词译为不定式、分词、名词、介词等)分词、名词、介词等)把汉语的众多动词分清顺序或分清主次,编排成英语把汉语的众多动词分清顺序或分清主次,编排成英语的习惯表达的习惯表达10
21、9 9月月1010日日是是教教师师节节。教教师师在在人人们们的的心心目目中中究究竟竟是是什什么么样样子子呢呢?清清华华附附中中的的小小记记者者走走出出校校门门,采采访访了了7676位位路路人人。采采访访发发现现,83%83%的的人人认认为为老老师师肩肩负负着着培培养养下下一一代代的的重重任任,是是提提高高全全民民族族文文化化素素质质的的决决定因素,值得尊敬。定因素,值得尊敬。11Sept.10 Sept.10 is is Teachers Teachers Day.Day.What What is is the the image image of of teachers teachers i
22、n in peoples peoples heart?heart?Little Little reporters reporters from from the the middle middle school school attached attached to to QinghuaQinghua University University walked walked out out of of their their school school gate gate and and interviewed interviewed 76 76 passersby.passersby.The
23、The interview interview shows shows that that 83%83%people people think think that that teachers teachers shoulder shoulder the the important important task task of of educating educating the the next next generation,generation,they they are are the the decisive decisive factor factor of of improvin
24、g improving the the whole whole peoples peoples cultural cultural level,level,and and they they are are worth worth of being respected.of being respected.12 Whats Whats the the teachers teachers image?image?On On Teachers Teachers Day,Day,Sept.10,Sept.10,a a group group of of teenage teenage reporte
25、rs reporters from from the the middle middle school school attached attached to to QinghuaQinghua University University took took a a poll poll on on the the street street on on seventy seventy six six passersby.passersby.Eighty Eighty six six of of those those surveyed surveyed said said that that
26、teachers teachers should should be be held held in in high high esteem esteem because because they they are are committed committed to to the the shaping shaping of of the the younger younger generation,generation,an an undertaking undertaking crucial crucial to to achieving achieving a a higher lev
27、el of education in China.higher level of education in China.1319531953年,英美两国计划对中国援年,英美两国计划对中国援朝部队使用原子弹,并准备用核朝部队使用原子弹,并准备用核武器进攻中国。当这个消息由第武器进攻中国。当这个消息由第三国外交官转告北京时,新中国三国外交官转告北京时,新中国的领导人深感忧虑,立即作出了的领导人深感忧虑,立即作出了建立和发展原子弹和导弹事业的建立和发展原子弹和导弹事业的决定。决定。14In In 1953,1953,America America and and England England pl
28、anned planned to to use use atomic atomic bombs bombs against against Chinese Chinese aiding aiding troops troops in in Korea Korea and and to to attack attack China China with with nuclear nuclear weapons.weapons.When When the the news news was was transferred transferred to to Beijing Beijing from
29、 from diplomatic diplomatic sources sources of of a a third third country,country,the the leaders leaders of of new new China China felt felt deeply deeply worried worried and and immediately immediately decided decided to to set set up up and and develop atomic bomb and missile cause.develop atomic
30、 bomb and missile cause.15In In 1953,1953,when when they they learned learned from from diplomatic diplomatic sources sources of of a a third third country country that that the the United United States States and and Britain Britain were were prepared prepared to to attack attack the the Chinese Ch
31、inese troops troops in in Korea Korea with with nuclear nuclear weapons,weapons,the the leaders leaders of of new new China,China,deeply deeply concerned,concerned,decided decided that that China China must must have have its its own own atomic atomic bombs bombs and and missiles.missiles.16翻译中的节奏我我
32、试试着着往往前前凑凑,它它跳跳一一跳跳,可可是是又又停停住住,看看着着我我,小小黑黑豆豆眼眼带带出出要要亲亲近近我我又又不不完完全信任的神气。全信任的神气。I I was was gingerly gingerly edging edging along along toward toward the the bird bird when when it it fluttered fluttered away away a a little little and and stopped stopped again,again,staring staring back back with wit
33、h its its small,small,black,black,bean-like bean-like eyes eyes that that had had a a look look of of distrust distrust while while seeking seeking to to be be friends with me.friends with me.17曲曲曲曲折折折折的的荷荷塘塘上上面面,弥弥望望的的是是田田田田的的叶叶子子。叶叶子子出出水水很很高高,象象亭亭亭亭的的舞舞女的裙。女的裙。All All over over this this winding w
34、inding stretch stretch water,water,what what meets meets the the eye eye is is a a silken silken field field of of leaves,leaves,reaching reaching rather rather high high above above the the surface,surface,like like the the skirts skirts of of dancing girls in all their grace.dancing girls in all t
35、heir grace.18PracticePractice 在在巴巴黎黎,名名目目繁繁多多的的酒酒会会、冷冷餐餐会会是是广广交交朋朋友友的的好好机机会会。在在这这种种场场合合陌陌生生人人相相识识,如如果果是是亚亚洲洲人人,他他们们往往往往开开口口之之前前先先必必恭恭必必敬敬地地用用双双手手把把自自己己的的名名片片呈呈递递给给对对方方,这这好好像像是是不不可可缺缺少少的的礼礼节节。然然而而,法法国国人人一一般般却却都都不不大大主主动动递递送送名名片片,双双方方见见面面寒寒暄暄几几句句,甚甚至至海海阔阔天天空空地地聊聊一一番番也也就就各各自自走走开开,只只有有当当双双方方谈谈话话投投机机,希希望望
36、继继续续交交往往时时,才才会会主主动动掏掏出出名名片片。二二话话不不说说先先递递名名片片反反倒倒有有些些勉勉强。(强。(TEM8TEM8,19961996)19In In Paris,Paris,cocktail cocktail parties parties and and buffet buffet dinners dinners in in honor honor of of this this or or that that provide provide an an excellent excellent opportunity opportunity to to make mak
37、e a a lot lot of of friends.friends.When When strangers strangers meet meet on on such such occasions,occasions,an an Asian Asian tends tends to to present present his his name name card card respectfully respectfully with with both both hands hands before before the the conversation,conversation,wh
38、ich which seems seems to to be be required required by by etiquette.etiquette.However,However,the the French French usually usually are are not not so so ready ready with with such such a a formality formality that that they they will will excuse excuse themselves themselves after after exchanges ex
39、changes of of a a few few words words of of greetings greetings or or even even after after a a rambling rambling chat chat about about everything everything under under the the sun.sun.They They will will offer offer cards cards only only when when they they find find each each other other agreeabl
40、e agreeable and and hope hope to to further further the the relationship.relationship.And And it it seems seems somewhat somewhat unnatural unnatural for for them them to to do do so so before before getting getting into into conversation.conversation.20在在人人际际关关系系问问题题上上我我们们不不要要太太浪浪漫漫主主义义。人人是是很很有有趣趣的
41、的,往往往往在在接接触触一一个个人人时时首首先先看看到到的的都都是是他他或或她她的的优优点点。这这一一点点颇颇像像是是在在餐餐馆馆里里用用餐餐的的经经验验。开开始始吃吃头头盘盘或或冷冷碟碟的的时时候候,印印象象很很好好。吃吃头头两两个个主主菜菜时时,也也是是赞赞不不绝绝口口。愈愈吃吃愈愈趋趋于于冷冷静静,吃吃完完了了这这顿顿宴宴席席,缺缺点点就就都都找找出出来来了了。于于是是转转喜喜为为怒怒,转转赞赞美美为为责责备备挑挑剔剔,转转首首肯肯为为摇摇头头。这这是是因因为为,第第一一,开开始始吃吃的的时时候候你你正正处处于于饥饥饿饿状状态态,而而饿饿了了吃吃糠糠甜甜加加蜜蜜,饱饱了了吃吃蜜蜜也也不不
42、甜甜。第第二二,你你初初到到一一个个餐餐馆馆,开开始始举举筷筷时时有有新新鲜鲜感感,新新盖盖的的茅茅房房三三天天香香,这这也也可可以以叫叫做做“陌陌生生化化效效应应”吧吧。(TEM8TEM8,20042004)21We We should should not not be be too too romantic romantic in in interpersonal interpersonal relations.relations.Human Human beings beings are are interesting interesting in in that that they
43、they tend tend to to first first see see good good in in a a new new acquaintance.acquaintance.This This is is like like dining dining in in a a restaurant.restaurant.You You will will be be not not only only favorably favorably impressed impressed with with the the first first dish dish or or cold
44、cold dishes,dishes,but but also also profuse profuse in in praise praise of of the the first first two two courses.courses.However,However,the the more more you you have,have,the the more more sober sober you you become become until until the the dinner dinner ends ends up up with with all all the t
45、he flaws flaws exposed.exposed.Consequently,Consequently,your your joy joy would would give give way way to to anger;anger;your your praises praises would would to to criticism criticism or or even even fault-fault-finding;finding;and and your your nodding nodding in in agreement agreement to to sha
46、king shaking the head.the head.22What What accounts accounts for for all all this this is,is,in in the the first first place,place,you you are are hungry hungry when when you you start start to to eat.eat.As As the the saying saying goes,goes,“Hunger“Hunger is is the the best best sauce”,sauce”,and
47、and vice vice versa.versa.And And in in the the second second place,place,unfamiliarity,unfamiliarity,rather rather than than familiarity,familiarity,breeds breeds freshness freshness in in you you when when you you start start to to eat eat in in a a restaurant restaurant new new to to you,you,which which is is the the so-called so-called effect of effect of defamiliarizationdefamiliarization.23Thank you!Thank you!24
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